Keep only essential packages
In an attempt to learn more about Ubuntu and its packages, I want to remove all non-essential packages, so I can install what I need, when I need them and know what they do.
I'm using the commands dpkg --clear-selections and apt-get dselect-upgrade for this. I also slightly modify the selection by setting apt libstdc++6 (due to apt) install-info (due to grep) to install again (somehow dpkg thinks they are not essential, but apt-get complains).
Is this ok, or is this bad? If it's ok, what do I do with the large list of packages with "deinstall" status in dpkg?
An additional note, I'm doing this on a VPS template so I have no control over the initially installed packages.
package-management
asked Nov 16 '11 at 0:17
StijnStijn
181128
add a comment |
In an attempt to learn more about Ubuntu and its packages, I want to remove all non-essential packages, so I can install what I need, when I need them and know what they do.
I'm using the commands dpkg --clear-selections and apt-get dselect-upgrade for this. I also slightly modify the selection by setting apt libstdc++6 (due to apt) install-info (due to grep) to install again (somehow dpkg thinks they are not essential, but apt-get complains).
Is this ok, or is this bad? If it's ok, what do I do with the large list of packages with "deinstall" status in dpkg?
An additional note, I'm doing this on a VPS template so I have no control over the initially installed packages.
package-management
asked Nov 16 '11 at 0:17
StijnStijn
181128
add a comment |
In an attempt to learn more about Ubuntu and its packages, I want to remove all non-essential packages, so I can install what I need, when I need them and know what they do.
I'm using the commands dpkg --clear-selections and apt-get dselect-upgrade for this. I also slightly modify the selection by setting apt libstdc++6 (due to apt) install-info (due to grep) to install again (somehow dpkg thinks they are not essential, but apt-get complains).
Is this ok, or is this bad? If it's ok, what do I do with the large list of packages with "deinstall" status in dpkg?
An additional note, I'm doing this on a VPS template so I have no control over the initially installed packages.
package-management
asked Nov 16 '11 at 0:17
StijnStijn
181128
In an attempt to learn more about Ubuntu and its packages, I want to remove all non-essential packages, so I can install what I need, when I need them and know what they do.
I'm using the commands dpkg --clear-selections and apt-get dselect-upgrade for this. I also slightly modify the selection by setting apt libstdc++6 (due to apt) install-info (due to grep) to install again (somehow dpkg thinks they are not essential, but apt-get complains).
Is this ok, or is this bad? If it's ok, what do I do with the large list of packages with "deinstall" status in dpkg?
An additional note, I'm doing this on a VPS template so I have no control over the initially installed packages.
package-management
package-management
asked Nov 16 '11 at 0:17
StijnStijn
181128
asked Nov 16 '11 at 0:17
StijnStijn
181128
asked Nov 16 '11 at 0:17
StijnStijn
181128
asked Nov 16 '11 at 0:17
StijnStijn
181128
asked Nov 16 '11 at 0:17
StijnStijn
181128
181128
add a comment |
add a comment |
2 Answers
2
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With the following command you can obtain a list of installed packages, classified by priority:
dpkg-query -Wf '${Package;-40}${Priority}n' | sort -b -k2,2 -k1,1
A description of priorities is given in the Debian Policy Manual.
In my installation I obtain the following (I only show required, important and standard packages):
apt important
aptitude important
apt-utils important
bsdmainutils important
cron important
debconf-i18n important
dmidecode important
gnupg important
gpgv important
groff-base important
info important
install-info important
iptables important
iputils-ping important
isc-dhcp-client important
isc-dhcp-common important
libapt-inst1.3 important
libapt-pkg4.11 important
libboost-iostreams1.46.1 important
libcwidget3 important
libept1 important
libgdbm3 important
libgdbm3 important
libgudev-1.0-0 important
libnewt0.52 important
libpcre3 important
libpipeline1 important
libpopt0 important
libreadline6 important
libssl1.0.0 important
libsysfs2 important
libusb-0.1-4 important
libxapian22 important
logrotate important
man-db important
manpages important
medibuntu-keyring important
nano important
netbase important
net-tools important
python important
readline-common important
rsyslog important
ubuntu-extras-keyring important
ubuntu-keyring important
vim-common important
vim-tiny important
wget important
whiptail important
adduser required
base-files required
base-passwd required
bash required
bsdutils required
busybox-initramfs required
coreutils required
cpio required
dash required
debconf required
debianutils required
diffutils required
dpkg required
e2fslibs required
e2fsprogs required
findutils required
gcc-4.6-base required
gcc-4.6-base required
grep required
gzip required
hostname required
ifupdown required
initscripts required
insserv required
iproute required
klibc-utils required
libacl1 required
libacl1 required
libattr1 required
libattr1 required
libblkid1 required
libbz2-1.0 required
libc6 required
libc6 required
libc-bin required
libcomerr2 required
libcomerr2 required
libdb5.1 required
libdbus-1-3 required
libdevmapper1.02.1 required
libdrm2 required
libdrm-intel1 required
libdrm-nouveau1a required
libdrm-radeon1 required
libffi6 required
libgcc1 required
libgcc1 required
libglib2.0-0 required
libklibc required
liblocale-gettext-perl required
liblzma2 required
libmount1 required
libncurses5 required
libncursesw5 required
libnih1 required
libnih-dbus1 required
libpam0g required
libpam-modules required
libpam-modules-bin required
libpam-runtime required
libpciaccess0 required
libpcre3 required
libplymouth2 required
libpng12-0 required
libselinux1 required
libselinux1 required
libslang2 required
libss2 required
libssl1.0.0 required
libstdc++6 required
libstdc++6 required
libtext-charwidth-perl required
libtext-iconv-perl required
libtext-wrapi18n-perl required
libtinfo5 required
libudev0 required
libuuid1 required
libuuid1 required
locales required
login required
lsb-base required
lzma required
makedev required
mawk required
module-init-tools required
mount required
mountall required
multiarch-support required
ncurses-base required
ncurses-bin required
passwd required
perl-base required
plymouth required
procps required
python2.7-minimal required
python-minimal required
sed required
sensible-utils required
sysvinit-utils required
sysv-rc required
tar required
tzdata required
udev required
upstart required
ureadahead required
util-linux required
xz-utils required
zlib1g required
zlib1g required
at standard
bash-completion standard
bc standard
bind9-host standard
dc standard
dnsutils standard
file standard
ftp standard
gettext-base standard
less standard
libbind9-60 standard
libcap2 standard
libdb5.1 standard
libdns69 standard
libedit2 standard
libevent-2.0-5 standard
libgc1c2 standard
libgcrypt11 standard
libgcrypt11 standard
libgnutls26 standard
libgnutls26 standard
libgpg-error0 standard
libgpg-error0 standard
libgpm2 standard
libgssapi-krb5-2 standard
libgssapi-krb5-2 standard
libidn11 standard
libidn11 standard
libisc62 standard
libk5crypto3 standard
libk5crypto3 standard
libkeyutils1 standard
libkeyutils1 standard
libkrb5-3 standard
libkrb5-3 standard
libkrb5support0 standard
libkrb5support0 standard
libldap-2.4-2 standard
libldap-2.4-2 standard
liblockfile1 standard
liblwres60 standard
libmagic1 standard
libpci3 standard
libsasl2-2 standard
libsasl2-2 standard
libsqlite3-0 standard
libsqlite3-0 standard
libtasn1-3 standard
libtasn1-3 standard
libxml2 standard
lsof standard
m4 standard
make standard
mime-support standard
mlocate standard
openssh-client standard
patch standard
pciutils standard
perl standard
perl-modules standard
python-apt standard
python-central standard
telnet standard
time standard
ucf standard
wamerican standard
whois standard
The Base System is defined as a system containing only required and important packages.
Packages marked as standard are not strictly needed for a working system, but you can get into difficulties if you miss them.
So, to remove all unneeded packages (optional and extra), you can execute the following command:
sudo apt-get --simulate purge $(dpkg-query -Wf '${Package;-40}${Priority}n' |
awk '$2 ~ /optional|extra/ { print $1 }')
I added the --simulate option to be safe and see what apt says.
Strangely, it asks to remove also some required packages: e2fsprogs, util-linux, hostname and upstart, so it is necessary to reinstall these packages. I would download the packages in advance (apt-get download <packages>), to avoid network problems after.
Take also into account that for a working Wifi you can need some optional or extra package, removed in the above procedure.
answered Nov 16 '11 at 9:33
enzotibenzotib
64.8k7136155
add a comment |
Update 2019-02-26
In practice on a bunch of ubuntu VPS from different providers...I have found the original approach (below) to be quite brittle. On some systems they won't reboot because the below method will remove the kernel on KVM type virtualization (whereas openvz it mostly works). Instead of just patching the hack below everytime it breaks, I looked for an alternative way.
A seemingly (so far) better approach is the following:
# just in case we are retrying and apt is in a bad state
dpkg --configure -a
# DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive is useful for scripting.
# prevents getting prompts that will hang our script.
# ubuntu-minimal is a meta package that depends on the packages
# in ubuntu-minimal install.
# Need aptitude to autoremove everything we don't depend on.
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
apt-get --assume-yes install aptitude ubuntu-minimal
# mark all packages as automatically installed except
# ubuntu-minimal, kernel, systemd and openssh.
# For some reason systemd isn't part of ubuntu-minimal.
# Any dependencies of these four packages will be kept.
# All others that aren't dependencies will be removed since
# we have told apt they are automatically installed
# (ie we don't care about them unless we need them as a dep)
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
aptitude --assume-yes markauto
'~i!?name(ubuntu-minimal~|linux-generic~|systemd~|openssh-server)'
# purge all removed packages that were not purged.
# removes leftover config/cruft.
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
aptitude --assume-yes purge '~c'
So far this works quite well in my testing on both openvz and kvm type virtualization. I use this as a first "bootstrapping" step to minimize the image before running my configuration management to setup the VPS the way I want it. I usually do a reboot after this step and before config management just to make sure we didn't break anything.
I am not doing apt clean or autoclean because my configuration management will be installing packages and so I would have to run apt-get update again anyway. If you are trying to build a minimal image in terms of disk space, then of course there is more you can do.
One more tip in case you lose DNS resolution after minimization... on Ubuntu 16.04, installing ubuntu-minimal installed resolvconf which wasn't installed before for some reason. This package (post-install) will make sure /etc/resolv.conf is setup to be dynamically built and that includes converting it into a symlink. If your VPS has static networking configuration (ie interfaces/IPs statically configured in /etc/network/interfaces and DNS statically configured in /etc/resolv.conf) then this will break your dns resolution. ie you will be able to ping 8.8.8.8 but not google.com (unknown host). I have a couple vps providers that provision the VPS this way instead of providing IP/DNS over dhcp. To work around this, I added a check before the above minimization like so:
if [ ! -L "/etc/resolv.conf" ]; then
mkdir -p /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/
cp /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/tail
fi
Basically: If the current /etc/resolv.conf is not a symlink, then assume we have a static configuration from our VPS provider. Copy the file to a special "tail" file for resolvconf. The "tail" file is a special file that resolvconf will append to the /etc/resolv.conf that it builds. This ensures you don't lose the static DNS configuration that was built into your VPS.
Original Answer
Following on @enzotib's answer...
Strange that required/important/essential packages would have optional/extra dependencies. Would think that if those are hard dependencies (as opposed to recommends or suggests) that those dependencies would also be set to the highest priority of the packages that depend on them.
On Ubuntu 16.04 I had a lot of important packages (apt, sudo, passwd, adduser) come up in the remove list when trying @enzotib's approach. As a dirty hack purged the list of optional/extra packages one by one with a script to see which optional/extra package purges were triggering removing required or important packages.
For example: in my case, purging optional package libaudit1 would wipe out a lot of important stuff.
root@ro01:~# apt-get purge libaudit1
Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree...
Reading state information...
The following additional packages will be installed:
anacron bind9-host build-essential cpp cpp-5 dpkg-dev fakeroot g++ g++-5 gcc
gcc-5 gcc-5-base initramfs-tools-bin libalgorithm-diff-perl
libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl libapt-pkg5.0 libasan2
libatomic1 libbind9-140 libc-dev-bin libc6 libc6-dev libcc1-0 libcilkrts5
libdns162 libdpkg-perl libfakeroot libfile-fcntllock-perl libgcc-5-dev
libgomp1 libisc160 libisccc140 libisccfg140 libisl15 libitm1 liblsan0
liblwres141 libmpc3 libmpx0 libquadmath0 libstdc++-5-dev libstdc++6 libtsan0
libubsan0 libudev1 linux-libc-dev logrotate manpages-dev samba-common
Suggested packages:
default-mta | mail-transport-agent powermgmt-base cpp-doc gcc-5-locales
debian-keyring g++-multilib g++-5-multilib gcc-5-doc libstdc++6-5-dbg
gcc-multilib autoconf automake libtool flex bison gdb gcc-doc gcc-5-multilib
libgcc1-dbg libgomp1-dbg libitm1-dbg libatomic1-dbg libasan2-dbg
liblsan0-dbg libtsan0-dbg libubsan0-dbg libcilkrts5-dbg libmpx0-dbg
libquadmath0-dbg glibc-doc libstdc++-5-doc mailx
Recommended packages:
cron | cron-daemon rsyslog | system-log-daemon apt samba-common-bin
The following packages will be REMOVED:
adduser* apache2* apache2-bin* apache2-utils* apt* apt-utils* aptitude*
bind9* bsd-mailx* cron* dbus* dmsetup* fetchmail* ifupdown* initramfs-tools*
initramfs-tools-core* initscripts* libapr1* libaprutil1*
libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3* libaprutil1-ldap* libaudit1* libblkid1*
libcryptsetup4* libfdisk1* libmount1* libpam-modules* libpam-modules-bin*
libpam-runtime* libpam0g* libsemanage1* libuuid1* libxapian22v5* login*
mlocate* mount* mountall* openssh-client* openssh-server*
openssh-sftp-server* passwd* plymouth* postfix* procps* python-samba*
rpcbind* rsyslog* samba* samba-common-bin* samba-libs* sasl2-bin* screen*
ssl-cert* sudo* systemd* systemd-sysv* udev* util-linux* uuid-runtime* wget*
The following NEW packages will be installed:
anacron build-essential cpp cpp-5 dpkg-dev fakeroot g++ g++-5 gcc gcc-5
libalgorithm-diff-perl libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl
libasan2 libatomic1 libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcc1-0 libcilkrts5 libdpkg-perl
libfakeroot libfile-fcntllock-perl libgcc-5-dev libisl15 libitm1 liblsan0
libmpc3 libmpx0 libquadmath0 libstdc++-5-dev libtsan0 libubsan0
linux-libc-dev manpages-dev
The following packages will be upgraded:
bind9-host gcc-5-base initramfs-tools-bin libapt-pkg5.0 libbind9-140 libc6
libdns162 libgomp1 libisc160 libisccc140 libisccfg140 liblwres141 libstdc++6
libudev1 logrotate samba-common
WARNING: The following essential packages will be removed.
This should NOT be done unless you know exactly what you are doing!
apt adduser (due to apt) login libaudit1 (due to login)
libpam0g (due to login) libpam-runtime (due to login)
libpam-modules (due to login) mount libblkid1 (due to mount)
libmount1 (due to mount) util-linux libfdisk1 (due to util-linux)
libuuid1 (due to util-linux)
16 upgraded, 34 newly installed, 60 to remove and 124 not upgraded.
Need to get 41.1 MB of archives.
After this operation, 12.4 MB of additional disk space will be used.
You are about to do something potentially harmful.
To continue type in the phrase 'Yes, do as I say!'
?] Abort.
Also interesting that aptitude why and apt-cache rdepends show such different results.
root@ro01:~# dpkg-query -Wf '${Package;-40}${Priority}n' | sort -b -k2,2 -k1,1 | grep 'libaudit1'
libaudit1 optional
root@ro01:~# aptitude why libaudit1
i sudo Depends libaudit1 (>= 1:2.2.1)
root@ro01:~# dpkg-query -Wf '${Package;-40}${Priority}n' | sort -b -k2,2 -k1,1 | grep 'sudo '
sudo optional
root@ro01:~# aptitude why sudo
i mountall Depends plymouth
p plymouth Recommends plymouth-theme-ubuntu-text | plymouth-theme
p mythbuntu-default-settings Provides plymouth-theme
p mythbuntu-default-settings Recommends lightdm
p lightdm Recommends xserver-xorg
p xserver-xorg Recommends xserver-xorg-video-all | xorg-driver-video
p nvidia-384 Provides xorg-driver-video
p nvidia-384 Depends dkms
p dkms Recommends menu | sudo
apt-cache rdepends shows a lot more...
root@ro01:~# apt-cache rdepends libaudit1
libaudit1
Reverse Depends:
sudo
systemd
openssh-server
libaudit-dev
xwayland-hwe-16.04
xserver-xephyr-hwe-16.04
xmir-hwe-16.04
sudo-ldap
xserver-xorg-core-hwe-16.04
systemd
sudo
libvirt0
dbus-1-dbg
dbus
xwayland-hwe-16.04
xwayland
xvfb
xserver-xephyr-hwe-16.04
xserver-xephyr
xnest
xmir-hwe-16.04
xmir
xdmx
sudo-ldap
python3-audit
python-audit
nscd
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1024
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1022
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1021
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1020
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1019
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1017
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1015
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1012
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1010
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1008
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1004
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1034
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1033
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1032
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1031
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1028
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1027
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1026
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1024
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1022
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1018
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1016
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1014
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1013
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1012
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1010
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1009
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1008
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1006
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1005
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1003
linux-gcp-tools-4.13.0-1013
linux-gcp-tools-4.13.0-1012
linux-gcp-tools-4.13.0-1011
linux-gcp-tools-4.13.0-1008
linux-gcp-tools-4.13.0-1007
linux-gcp-tools-4.13.0-1006
linux-gcp-tools-4.13.0-1002
linux-gcp-tools-4.10.0-1009
linux-gcp-tools-4.10.0-1008
linux-gcp-tools-4.10.0-1007
linux-gcp-tools-4.10.0-1006
linux-gcp-tools-4.10.0-1004
linux-euclid-tools-4.4.0-9026
linux-euclid-tools-4.4.0-9025
linux-euclid-tools-4.4.0-9023
linux-euclid-tools-4.4.0-9022
linux-euclid-tools-4.4.0-9021
linux-euclid-tools-4.4.0-9020
linux-euclid-tools-4.4.0-9019
linux-azure-edge-tools-4.15.0-1005
linux-azure-edge-tools-4.14.0-1003
linux-azure-edge-tools-4.13.0-1005
linux-azure-edge-tools-4.13.0-1003
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1012
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1011
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1009
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1007
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1004
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1003
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1001
gdm3
xserver-xorg-core-hwe-16.04
xserver-xorg-core
util-linux
systemd
sudo
passwd
openssh-server
login
linux-tools-4.4.0-98
linux-tools-4.4.0-97
linux-tools-4.4.0-96
linux-tools-4.4.0-93
linux-tools-4.4.0-92
linux-tools-4.4.0-91
linux-tools-4.4.0-89
linux-tools-4.4.0-87
linux-tools-4.4.0-83
linux-tools-4.4.0-81
linux-tools-4.4.0-79
linux-tools-4.4.0-78
linux-tools-4.4.0-77
linux-tools-4.4.0-75
linux-tools-4.4.0-72
linux-tools-4.4.0-71
linux-tools-4.4.0-70
linux-tools-4.4.0-67
linux-tools-4.4.0-66
linux-tools-4.4.0-64
linux-tools-4.4.0-63
linux-tools-4.4.0-62
linux-tools-4.4.0-59
linux-tools-4.4.0-57
linux-tools-4.4.0-53
linux-tools-4.4.0-51
linux-tools-4.4.0-47
linux-tools-4.4.0-45
linux-tools-4.4.0-43
linux-tools-4.4.0-42
linux-tools-4.4.0-38
linux-tools-4.4.0-36
linux-tools-4.4.0-34
linux-tools-4.4.0-31
linux-tools-4.4.0-28
linux-tools-4.4.0-24
linux-tools-4.4.0-22
linux-tools-4.4.0-122
linux-tools-4.4.0-121
linux-tools-4.4.0-119
linux-tools-4.4.0-116
linux-tools-4.4.0-112
linux-tools-4.4.0-109
linux-tools-4.4.0-108
linux-tools-4.4.0-104
linux-tools-4.4.0-103
linux-tools-4.4.0-101
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1021
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1020
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1019
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1017
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1015
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1013
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1012
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1010
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1009
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1008
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1007
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-58
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-56
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-54
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-53
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-52
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-51
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-49
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-46
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-45
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-44
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-42
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-41
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-39
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-36
linux-hwe-tools-4.13.0-39
linux-hwe-tools-4.13.0-38
linux-hwe-tools-4.13.0-37
linux-hwe-tools-4.13.0-36
linux-hwe-tools-4.13.0-32
linux-hwe-tools-4.13.0-31
linux-hwe-tools-4.13.0-26
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-42
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-40
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-38
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-37
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-35
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-33
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-32
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-30
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-28
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-27
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.8.0-34
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.15.0-15
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.15.0-13
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.13.0-25
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.13.0-21
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.13.0-19
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.13.0-17
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.13.0-16
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.11.0-14
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.11.0-13
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.10.0-26
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.10.0-24
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.10.0-22
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.10.0-21
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.10.0-20
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.10.0-19
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.10.0-14
linux-azure-tools-4.13.0-1014
linux-azure-tools-4.13.0-1012
linux-azure-tools-4.13.0-1011
linux-azure-tools-4.13.0-1009
linux-azure-tools-4.13.0-1007
linux-azure-tools-4.13.0-1006
linux-azure-tools-4.13.0-1005
linux-azure-tools-4.11.0-1016
linux-azure-tools-4.11.0-1015
linux-azure-tools-4.11.0-1014
linux-azure-tools-4.11.0-1013
linux-azure-tools-4.11.0-1011
linux-azure-tools-4.11.0-1009
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1055
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1054
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1052
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1050
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1049
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1048
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1047
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1044
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1043
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1041
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1039
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1038
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1037
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1035
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1032
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1031
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1030
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1028
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1026
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1022
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1020
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1018
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1017
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1016
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1013
libvirt0
libpam0g
libpam-modules-bin
libpam-modules
libauparse0
libauparse0
libauparse0
libaudit-common
libaudit-common
libaudit-common
dbus-1-dbg
dbus
auditd
xwayland
xvfb
xserver-xephyr
xnest
xmir
xdmx
ubuntu-core-libs
sudo-ldap
python3-audit
python-audit
policycoreutils
nscd
gdm3
aide-dynamic
xserver-xorg-core
systemd
sudo
passwd
openssh-server
login
linux-tools-4.4.0-21
libvirt0
libsemanage1
libpam0g
libpam-modules-bin
libpam-modules
libauparse0
libauparse0
libauparse0
libaudit-dev
libaudit-common
dbus
dbus-1-dbg
auditd
root@ro01:~#
Found some more problematic packages...
- libdebconfclient0
- liblz4-1
- libsemanage1
- libsemanage-common
- libsystemd0
- libbsd0
- libexpat1
- libhcrypto4-heimdal
- libheimntlm0-heimdal
- libhx509-5-heimdal
When running apt-get purge for packages one by one, I no longer got the warning about removing important packages and scanning through the list of stuff removed, I saw important stuff like adduser and apt were not longer being removed. However when running apt-get purge for all packages at once...the warning was still there and apt and other things were on the remove list again despite not being there when removing packages individually. No idea.
In the end, I just excluded all libraries and a few other packages in order to avoid removing anything I cared about.
root@ro01:~# apt-get purge $(dpkg-query -Wf
'${Package;-40}${Priority}n' |
awk '$2 ~ /optional|extra/ { print $1 }' |
grep -vE 'lib|gawk|openssh|insserv|quota|sudo')
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
apache2* apache2-bin* apache2-data* apache2-doc* apache2-utils* bind9* bind9utils* binutils* bsd-mailx* busybox-initramfs* ca-certificates* cifs-utils* console-data* db-util* db5.3-util* debconf-utils* dh-python*
dialog* distro-info-data* dmsetup* dselect* ed* expat* fetchmail* finger* fontconfig* fontconfig-config* fonts-dejavu* fonts-dejavu-core* fonts-dejavu-extra* fonts-freefont-ttf* gettext* initramfs-tools*
initramfs-tools-bin* initramfs-tools-core* iputils-arping* iputils-tracepath* ldap-utils* libfontconfig1* linux-base* lsb-release* lynx* lynx-common* make* makedev* memtester* mktemp* module-init-tools* mountall*
mtools* odbcinst* odbcinst1debian2* openssl* openssl-blacklist* plymouth* postfix* procinfo* psmisc* psutils* pwgen* python-crypto* python-dnspython* python-ldb* python-samba* python-talloc* python-tdb* python3*
python3-minimal* python3.5* python3.5-minimal* rsync* samba* samba-common* samba-common-bin* samba-libs* sasl2-bin* sharutils* snmp* ssl-cert* syslinux* tcpdump* tcsh* tdb-tools* tofrodos* ttf-dejavu* ttf-dejavu-core*
ttf-dejavu-extra* ttf-freefont* unixodbc* unzip* update-inetd* uuid-runtime* vim* vim-runtime* wide-dhcpv6-client* xinetd*
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 96 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
After this operation, 195 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
answered Apr 30 '18 at 19:13
mattprmattpr
1512
add a comment |
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With the following command you can obtain a list of installed packages, classified by priority:
dpkg-query -Wf '${Package;-40}${Priority}n' | sort -b -k2,2 -k1,1
A description of priorities is given in the Debian Policy Manual.
In my installation I obtain the following (I only show required, important and standard packages):
apt important
aptitude important
apt-utils important
bsdmainutils important
cron important
debconf-i18n important
dmidecode important
gnupg important
gpgv important
groff-base important
info important
install-info important
iptables important
iputils-ping important
isc-dhcp-client important
isc-dhcp-common important
libapt-inst1.3 important
libapt-pkg4.11 important
libboost-iostreams1.46.1 important
libcwidget3 important
libept1 important
libgdbm3 important
libgdbm3 important
libgudev-1.0-0 important
libnewt0.52 important
libpcre3 important
libpipeline1 important
libpopt0 important
libreadline6 important
libssl1.0.0 important
libsysfs2 important
libusb-0.1-4 important
libxapian22 important
logrotate important
man-db important
manpages important
medibuntu-keyring important
nano important
netbase important
net-tools important
python important
readline-common important
rsyslog important
ubuntu-extras-keyring important
ubuntu-keyring important
vim-common important
vim-tiny important
wget important
whiptail important
adduser required
base-files required
base-passwd required
bash required
bsdutils required
busybox-initramfs required
coreutils required
cpio required
dash required
debconf required
debianutils required
diffutils required
dpkg required
e2fslibs required
e2fsprogs required
findutils required
gcc-4.6-base required
gcc-4.6-base required
grep required
gzip required
hostname required
ifupdown required
initscripts required
insserv required
iproute required
klibc-utils required
libacl1 required
libacl1 required
libattr1 required
libattr1 required
libblkid1 required
libbz2-1.0 required
libc6 required
libc6 required
libc-bin required
libcomerr2 required
libcomerr2 required
libdb5.1 required
libdbus-1-3 required
libdevmapper1.02.1 required
libdrm2 required
libdrm-intel1 required
libdrm-nouveau1a required
libdrm-radeon1 required
libffi6 required
libgcc1 required
libgcc1 required
libglib2.0-0 required
libklibc required
liblocale-gettext-perl required
liblzma2 required
libmount1 required
libncurses5 required
libncursesw5 required
libnih1 required
libnih-dbus1 required
libpam0g required
libpam-modules required
libpam-modules-bin required
libpam-runtime required
libpciaccess0 required
libpcre3 required
libplymouth2 required
libpng12-0 required
libselinux1 required
libselinux1 required
libslang2 required
libss2 required
libssl1.0.0 required
libstdc++6 required
libstdc++6 required
libtext-charwidth-perl required
libtext-iconv-perl required
libtext-wrapi18n-perl required
libtinfo5 required
libudev0 required
libuuid1 required
libuuid1 required
locales required
login required
lsb-base required
lzma required
makedev required
mawk required
module-init-tools required
mount required
mountall required
multiarch-support required
ncurses-base required
ncurses-bin required
passwd required
perl-base required
plymouth required
procps required
python2.7-minimal required
python-minimal required
sed required
sensible-utils required
sysvinit-utils required
sysv-rc required
tar required
tzdata required
udev required
upstart required
ureadahead required
util-linux required
xz-utils required
zlib1g required
zlib1g required
at standard
bash-completion standard
bc standard
bind9-host standard
dc standard
dnsutils standard
file standard
ftp standard
gettext-base standard
less standard
libbind9-60 standard
libcap2 standard
libdb5.1 standard
libdns69 standard
libedit2 standard
libevent-2.0-5 standard
libgc1c2 standard
libgcrypt11 standard
libgcrypt11 standard
libgnutls26 standard
libgnutls26 standard
libgpg-error0 standard
libgpg-error0 standard
libgpm2 standard
libgssapi-krb5-2 standard
libgssapi-krb5-2 standard
libidn11 standard
libidn11 standard
libisc62 standard
libk5crypto3 standard
libk5crypto3 standard
libkeyutils1 standard
libkeyutils1 standard
libkrb5-3 standard
libkrb5-3 standard
libkrb5support0 standard
libkrb5support0 standard
libldap-2.4-2 standard
libldap-2.4-2 standard
liblockfile1 standard
liblwres60 standard
libmagic1 standard
libpci3 standard
libsasl2-2 standard
libsasl2-2 standard
libsqlite3-0 standard
libsqlite3-0 standard
libtasn1-3 standard
libtasn1-3 standard
libxml2 standard
lsof standard
m4 standard
make standard
mime-support standard
mlocate standard
openssh-client standard
patch standard
pciutils standard
perl standard
perl-modules standard
python-apt standard
python-central standard
telnet standard
time standard
ucf standard
wamerican standard
whois standard
The Base System is defined as a system containing only required and important packages.
Packages marked as standard are not strictly needed for a working system, but you can get into difficulties if you miss them.
So, to remove all unneeded packages (optional and extra), you can execute the following command:
sudo apt-get --simulate purge $(dpkg-query -Wf '${Package;-40}${Priority}n' |
awk '$2 ~ /optional|extra/ { print $1 }')
I added the --simulate option to be safe and see what apt says.
Strangely, it asks to remove also some required packages: e2fsprogs, util-linux, hostname and upstart, so it is necessary to reinstall these packages. I would download the packages in advance (apt-get download <packages>), to avoid network problems after.
Take also into account that for a working Wifi you can need some optional or extra package, removed in the above procedure.
answered Nov 16 '11 at 9:33
enzotibenzotib
64.8k7136155
add a comment |
With the following command you can obtain a list of installed packages, classified by priority:
dpkg-query -Wf '${Package;-40}${Priority}n' | sort -b -k2,2 -k1,1
A description of priorities is given in the Debian Policy Manual.
In my installation I obtain the following (I only show required, important and standard packages):
apt important
aptitude important
apt-utils important
bsdmainutils important
cron important
debconf-i18n important
dmidecode important
gnupg important
gpgv important
groff-base important
info important
install-info important
iptables important
iputils-ping important
isc-dhcp-client important
isc-dhcp-common important
libapt-inst1.3 important
libapt-pkg4.11 important
libboost-iostreams1.46.1 important
libcwidget3 important
libept1 important
libgdbm3 important
libgdbm3 important
libgudev-1.0-0 important
libnewt0.52 important
libpcre3 important
libpipeline1 important
libpopt0 important
libreadline6 important
libssl1.0.0 important
libsysfs2 important
libusb-0.1-4 important
libxapian22 important
logrotate important
man-db important
manpages important
medibuntu-keyring important
nano important
netbase important
net-tools important
python important
readline-common important
rsyslog important
ubuntu-extras-keyring important
ubuntu-keyring important
vim-common important
vim-tiny important
wget important
whiptail important
adduser required
base-files required
base-passwd required
bash required
bsdutils required
busybox-initramfs required
coreutils required
cpio required
dash required
debconf required
debianutils required
diffutils required
dpkg required
e2fslibs required
e2fsprogs required
findutils required
gcc-4.6-base required
gcc-4.6-base required
grep required
gzip required
hostname required
ifupdown required
initscripts required
insserv required
iproute required
klibc-utils required
libacl1 required
libacl1 required
libattr1 required
libattr1 required
libblkid1 required
libbz2-1.0 required
libc6 required
libc6 required
libc-bin required
libcomerr2 required
libcomerr2 required
libdb5.1 required
libdbus-1-3 required
libdevmapper1.02.1 required
libdrm2 required
libdrm-intel1 required
libdrm-nouveau1a required
libdrm-radeon1 required
libffi6 required
libgcc1 required
libgcc1 required
libglib2.0-0 required
libklibc required
liblocale-gettext-perl required
liblzma2 required
libmount1 required
libncurses5 required
libncursesw5 required
libnih1 required
libnih-dbus1 required
libpam0g required
libpam-modules required
libpam-modules-bin required
libpam-runtime required
libpciaccess0 required
libpcre3 required
libplymouth2 required
libpng12-0 required
libselinux1 required
libselinux1 required
libslang2 required
libss2 required
libssl1.0.0 required
libstdc++6 required
libstdc++6 required
libtext-charwidth-perl required
libtext-iconv-perl required
libtext-wrapi18n-perl required
libtinfo5 required
libudev0 required
libuuid1 required
libuuid1 required
locales required
login required
lsb-base required
lzma required
makedev required
mawk required
module-init-tools required
mount required
mountall required
multiarch-support required
ncurses-base required
ncurses-bin required
passwd required
perl-base required
plymouth required
procps required
python2.7-minimal required
python-minimal required
sed required
sensible-utils required
sysvinit-utils required
sysv-rc required
tar required
tzdata required
udev required
upstart required
ureadahead required
util-linux required
xz-utils required
zlib1g required
zlib1g required
at standard
bash-completion standard
bc standard
bind9-host standard
dc standard
dnsutils standard
file standard
ftp standard
gettext-base standard
less standard
libbind9-60 standard
libcap2 standard
libdb5.1 standard
libdns69 standard
libedit2 standard
libevent-2.0-5 standard
libgc1c2 standard
libgcrypt11 standard
libgcrypt11 standard
libgnutls26 standard
libgnutls26 standard
libgpg-error0 standard
libgpg-error0 standard
libgpm2 standard
libgssapi-krb5-2 standard
libgssapi-krb5-2 standard
libidn11 standard
libidn11 standard
libisc62 standard
libk5crypto3 standard
libk5crypto3 standard
libkeyutils1 standard
libkeyutils1 standard
libkrb5-3 standard
libkrb5-3 standard
libkrb5support0 standard
libkrb5support0 standard
libldap-2.4-2 standard
libldap-2.4-2 standard
liblockfile1 standard
liblwres60 standard
libmagic1 standard
libpci3 standard
libsasl2-2 standard
libsasl2-2 standard
libsqlite3-0 standard
libsqlite3-0 standard
libtasn1-3 standard
libtasn1-3 standard
libxml2 standard
lsof standard
m4 standard
make standard
mime-support standard
mlocate standard
openssh-client standard
patch standard
pciutils standard
perl standard
perl-modules standard
python-apt standard
python-central standard
telnet standard
time standard
ucf standard
wamerican standard
whois standard
The Base System is defined as a system containing only required and important packages.
Packages marked as standard are not strictly needed for a working system, but you can get into difficulties if you miss them.
So, to remove all unneeded packages (optional and extra), you can execute the following command:
sudo apt-get --simulate purge $(dpkg-query -Wf '${Package;-40}${Priority}n' |
awk '$2 ~ /optional|extra/ { print $1 }')
I added the --simulate option to be safe and see what apt says.
Strangely, it asks to remove also some required packages: e2fsprogs, util-linux, hostname and upstart, so it is necessary to reinstall these packages. I would download the packages in advance (apt-get download <packages>), to avoid network problems after.
Take also into account that for a working Wifi you can need some optional or extra package, removed in the above procedure.
answered Nov 16 '11 at 9:33
enzotibenzotib
64.8k7136155
add a comment |
With the following command you can obtain a list of installed packages, classified by priority:
dpkg-query -Wf '${Package;-40}${Priority}n' | sort -b -k2,2 -k1,1
A description of priorities is given in the Debian Policy Manual.
In my installation I obtain the following (I only show required, important and standard packages):
apt important
aptitude important
apt-utils important
bsdmainutils important
cron important
debconf-i18n important
dmidecode important
gnupg important
gpgv important
groff-base important
info important
install-info important
iptables important
iputils-ping important
isc-dhcp-client important
isc-dhcp-common important
libapt-inst1.3 important
libapt-pkg4.11 important
libboost-iostreams1.46.1 important
libcwidget3 important
libept1 important
libgdbm3 important
libgdbm3 important
libgudev-1.0-0 important
libnewt0.52 important
libpcre3 important
libpipeline1 important
libpopt0 important
libreadline6 important
libssl1.0.0 important
libsysfs2 important
libusb-0.1-4 important
libxapian22 important
logrotate important
man-db important
manpages important
medibuntu-keyring important
nano important
netbase important
net-tools important
python important
readline-common important
rsyslog important
ubuntu-extras-keyring important
ubuntu-keyring important
vim-common important
vim-tiny important
wget important
whiptail important
adduser required
base-files required
base-passwd required
bash required
bsdutils required
busybox-initramfs required
coreutils required
cpio required
dash required
debconf required
debianutils required
diffutils required
dpkg required
e2fslibs required
e2fsprogs required
findutils required
gcc-4.6-base required
gcc-4.6-base required
grep required
gzip required
hostname required
ifupdown required
initscripts required
insserv required
iproute required
klibc-utils required
libacl1 required
libacl1 required
libattr1 required
libattr1 required
libblkid1 required
libbz2-1.0 required
libc6 required
libc6 required
libc-bin required
libcomerr2 required
libcomerr2 required
libdb5.1 required
libdbus-1-3 required
libdevmapper1.02.1 required
libdrm2 required
libdrm-intel1 required
libdrm-nouveau1a required
libdrm-radeon1 required
libffi6 required
libgcc1 required
libgcc1 required
libglib2.0-0 required
libklibc required
liblocale-gettext-perl required
liblzma2 required
libmount1 required
libncurses5 required
libncursesw5 required
libnih1 required
libnih-dbus1 required
libpam0g required
libpam-modules required
libpam-modules-bin required
libpam-runtime required
libpciaccess0 required
libpcre3 required
libplymouth2 required
libpng12-0 required
libselinux1 required
libselinux1 required
libslang2 required
libss2 required
libssl1.0.0 required
libstdc++6 required
libstdc++6 required
libtext-charwidth-perl required
libtext-iconv-perl required
libtext-wrapi18n-perl required
libtinfo5 required
libudev0 required
libuuid1 required
libuuid1 required
locales required
login required
lsb-base required
lzma required
makedev required
mawk required
module-init-tools required
mount required
mountall required
multiarch-support required
ncurses-base required
ncurses-bin required
passwd required
perl-base required
plymouth required
procps required
python2.7-minimal required
python-minimal required
sed required
sensible-utils required
sysvinit-utils required
sysv-rc required
tar required
tzdata required
udev required
upstart required
ureadahead required
util-linux required
xz-utils required
zlib1g required
zlib1g required
at standard
bash-completion standard
bc standard
bind9-host standard
dc standard
dnsutils standard
file standard
ftp standard
gettext-base standard
less standard
libbind9-60 standard
libcap2 standard
libdb5.1 standard
libdns69 standard
libedit2 standard
libevent-2.0-5 standard
libgc1c2 standard
libgcrypt11 standard
libgcrypt11 standard
libgnutls26 standard
libgnutls26 standard
libgpg-error0 standard
libgpg-error0 standard
libgpm2 standard
libgssapi-krb5-2 standard
libgssapi-krb5-2 standard
libidn11 standard
libidn11 standard
libisc62 standard
libk5crypto3 standard
libk5crypto3 standard
libkeyutils1 standard
libkeyutils1 standard
libkrb5-3 standard
libkrb5-3 standard
libkrb5support0 standard
libkrb5support0 standard
libldap-2.4-2 standard
libldap-2.4-2 standard
liblockfile1 standard
liblwres60 standard
libmagic1 standard
libpci3 standard
libsasl2-2 standard
libsasl2-2 standard
libsqlite3-0 standard
libsqlite3-0 standard
libtasn1-3 standard
libtasn1-3 standard
libxml2 standard
lsof standard
m4 standard
make standard
mime-support standard
mlocate standard
openssh-client standard
patch standard
pciutils standard
perl standard
perl-modules standard
python-apt standard
python-central standard
telnet standard
time standard
ucf standard
wamerican standard
whois standard
The Base System is defined as a system containing only required and important packages.
Packages marked as standard are not strictly needed for a working system, but you can get into difficulties if you miss them.
So, to remove all unneeded packages (optional and extra), you can execute the following command:
sudo apt-get --simulate purge $(dpkg-query -Wf '${Package;-40}${Priority}n' |
awk '$2 ~ /optional|extra/ { print $1 }')
I added the --simulate option to be safe and see what apt says.
Strangely, it asks to remove also some required packages: e2fsprogs, util-linux, hostname and upstart, so it is necessary to reinstall these packages. I would download the packages in advance (apt-get download <packages>), to avoid network problems after.
Take also into account that for a working Wifi you can need some optional or extra package, removed in the above procedure.
answered Nov 16 '11 at 9:33
enzotibenzotib
64.8k7136155
With the following command you can obtain a list of installed packages, classified by priority:
dpkg-query -Wf '${Package;-40}${Priority}n' | sort -b -k2,2 -k1,1
A description of priorities is given in the Debian Policy Manual.
In my installation I obtain the following (I only show required, important and standard packages):
apt important
aptitude important
apt-utils important
bsdmainutils important
cron important
debconf-i18n important
dmidecode important
gnupg important
gpgv important
groff-base important
info important
install-info important
iptables important
iputils-ping important
isc-dhcp-client important
isc-dhcp-common important
libapt-inst1.3 important
libapt-pkg4.11 important
libboost-iostreams1.46.1 important
libcwidget3 important
libept1 important
libgdbm3 important
libgdbm3 important
libgudev-1.0-0 important
libnewt0.52 important
libpcre3 important
libpipeline1 important
libpopt0 important
libreadline6 important
libssl1.0.0 important
libsysfs2 important
libusb-0.1-4 important
libxapian22 important
logrotate important
man-db important
manpages important
medibuntu-keyring important
nano important
netbase important
net-tools important
python important
readline-common important
rsyslog important
ubuntu-extras-keyring important
ubuntu-keyring important
vim-common important
vim-tiny important
wget important
whiptail important
adduser required
base-files required
base-passwd required
bash required
bsdutils required
busybox-initramfs required
coreutils required
cpio required
dash required
debconf required
debianutils required
diffutils required
dpkg required
e2fslibs required
e2fsprogs required
findutils required
gcc-4.6-base required
gcc-4.6-base required
grep required
gzip required
hostname required
ifupdown required
initscripts required
insserv required
iproute required
klibc-utils required
libacl1 required
libacl1 required
libattr1 required
libattr1 required
libblkid1 required
libbz2-1.0 required
libc6 required
libc6 required
libc-bin required
libcomerr2 required
libcomerr2 required
libdb5.1 required
libdbus-1-3 required
libdevmapper1.02.1 required
libdrm2 required
libdrm-intel1 required
libdrm-nouveau1a required
libdrm-radeon1 required
libffi6 required
libgcc1 required
libgcc1 required
libglib2.0-0 required
libklibc required
liblocale-gettext-perl required
liblzma2 required
libmount1 required
libncurses5 required
libncursesw5 required
libnih1 required
libnih-dbus1 required
libpam0g required
libpam-modules required
libpam-modules-bin required
libpam-runtime required
libpciaccess0 required
libpcre3 required
libplymouth2 required
libpng12-0 required
libselinux1 required
libselinux1 required
libslang2 required
libss2 required
libssl1.0.0 required
libstdc++6 required
libstdc++6 required
libtext-charwidth-perl required
libtext-iconv-perl required
libtext-wrapi18n-perl required
libtinfo5 required
libudev0 required
libuuid1 required
libuuid1 required
locales required
login required
lsb-base required
lzma required
makedev required
mawk required
module-init-tools required
mount required
mountall required
multiarch-support required
ncurses-base required
ncurses-bin required
passwd required
perl-base required
plymouth required
procps required
python2.7-minimal required
python-minimal required
sed required
sensible-utils required
sysvinit-utils required
sysv-rc required
tar required
tzdata required
udev required
upstart required
ureadahead required
util-linux required
xz-utils required
zlib1g required
zlib1g required
at standard
bash-completion standard
bc standard
bind9-host standard
dc standard
dnsutils standard
file standard
ftp standard
gettext-base standard
less standard
libbind9-60 standard
libcap2 standard
libdb5.1 standard
libdns69 standard
libedit2 standard
libevent-2.0-5 standard
libgc1c2 standard
libgcrypt11 standard
libgcrypt11 standard
libgnutls26 standard
libgnutls26 standard
libgpg-error0 standard
libgpg-error0 standard
libgpm2 standard
libgssapi-krb5-2 standard
libgssapi-krb5-2 standard
libidn11 standard
libidn11 standard
libisc62 standard
libk5crypto3 standard
libk5crypto3 standard
libkeyutils1 standard
libkeyutils1 standard
libkrb5-3 standard
libkrb5-3 standard
libkrb5support0 standard
libkrb5support0 standard
libldap-2.4-2 standard
libldap-2.4-2 standard
liblockfile1 standard
liblwres60 standard
libmagic1 standard
libpci3 standard
libsasl2-2 standard
libsasl2-2 standard
libsqlite3-0 standard
libsqlite3-0 standard
libtasn1-3 standard
libtasn1-3 standard
libxml2 standard
lsof standard
m4 standard
make standard
mime-support standard
mlocate standard
openssh-client standard
patch standard
pciutils standard
perl standard
perl-modules standard
python-apt standard
python-central standard
telnet standard
time standard
ucf standard
wamerican standard
whois standard
The Base System is defined as a system containing only required and important packages.
Packages marked as standard are not strictly needed for a working system, but you can get into difficulties if you miss them.
So, to remove all unneeded packages (optional and extra), you can execute the following command:
sudo apt-get --simulate purge $(dpkg-query -Wf '${Package;-40}${Priority}n' |
awk '$2 ~ /optional|extra/ { print $1 }')
I added the --simulate option to be safe and see what apt says.
Strangely, it asks to remove also some required packages: e2fsprogs, util-linux, hostname and upstart, so it is necessary to reinstall these packages. I would download the packages in advance (apt-get download <packages>), to avoid network problems after.
Take also into account that for a working Wifi you can need some optional or extra package, removed in the above procedure.
answered Nov 16 '11 at 9:33
enzotibenzotib
64.8k7136155
answered Nov 16 '11 at 9:33
enzotibenzotib
64.8k7136155
answered Nov 16 '11 at 9:33
enzotibenzotib
64.8k7136155
answered Nov 16 '11 at 9:33
enzotibenzotib
64.8k7136155
64.8k7136155
add a comment |
add a comment |
Update 2019-02-26
In practice on a bunch of ubuntu VPS from different providers...I have found the original approach (below) to be quite brittle. On some systems they won't reboot because the below method will remove the kernel on KVM type virtualization (whereas openvz it mostly works). Instead of just patching the hack below everytime it breaks, I looked for an alternative way.
A seemingly (so far) better approach is the following:
# just in case we are retrying and apt is in a bad state
dpkg --configure -a
# DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive is useful for scripting.
# prevents getting prompts that will hang our script.
# ubuntu-minimal is a meta package that depends on the packages
# in ubuntu-minimal install.
# Need aptitude to autoremove everything we don't depend on.
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
apt-get --assume-yes install aptitude ubuntu-minimal
# mark all packages as automatically installed except
# ubuntu-minimal, kernel, systemd and openssh.
# For some reason systemd isn't part of ubuntu-minimal.
# Any dependencies of these four packages will be kept.
# All others that aren't dependencies will be removed since
# we have told apt they are automatically installed
# (ie we don't care about them unless we need them as a dep)
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
aptitude --assume-yes markauto
'~i!?name(ubuntu-minimal~|linux-generic~|systemd~|openssh-server)'
# purge all removed packages that were not purged.
# removes leftover config/cruft.
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
aptitude --assume-yes purge '~c'
So far this works quite well in my testing on both openvz and kvm type virtualization. I use this as a first "bootstrapping" step to minimize the image before running my configuration management to setup the VPS the way I want it. I usually do a reboot after this step and before config management just to make sure we didn't break anything.
I am not doing apt clean or autoclean because my configuration management will be installing packages and so I would have to run apt-get update again anyway. If you are trying to build a minimal image in terms of disk space, then of course there is more you can do.
One more tip in case you lose DNS resolution after minimization... on Ubuntu 16.04, installing ubuntu-minimal installed resolvconf which wasn't installed before for some reason. This package (post-install) will make sure /etc/resolv.conf is setup to be dynamically built and that includes converting it into a symlink. If your VPS has static networking configuration (ie interfaces/IPs statically configured in /etc/network/interfaces and DNS statically configured in /etc/resolv.conf) then this will break your dns resolution. ie you will be able to ping 8.8.8.8 but not google.com (unknown host). I have a couple vps providers that provision the VPS this way instead of providing IP/DNS over dhcp. To work around this, I added a check before the above minimization like so:
if [ ! -L "/etc/resolv.conf" ]; then
mkdir -p /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/
cp /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/tail
fi
Basically: If the current /etc/resolv.conf is not a symlink, then assume we have a static configuration from our VPS provider. Copy the file to a special "tail" file for resolvconf. The "tail" file is a special file that resolvconf will append to the /etc/resolv.conf that it builds. This ensures you don't lose the static DNS configuration that was built into your VPS.
Original Answer
Following on @enzotib's answer...
Strange that required/important/essential packages would have optional/extra dependencies. Would think that if those are hard dependencies (as opposed to recommends or suggests) that those dependencies would also be set to the highest priority of the packages that depend on them.
On Ubuntu 16.04 I had a lot of important packages (apt, sudo, passwd, adduser) come up in the remove list when trying @enzotib's approach. As a dirty hack purged the list of optional/extra packages one by one with a script to see which optional/extra package purges were triggering removing required or important packages.
For example: in my case, purging optional package libaudit1 would wipe out a lot of important stuff.
root@ro01:~# apt-get purge libaudit1
Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree...
Reading state information...
The following additional packages will be installed:
anacron bind9-host build-essential cpp cpp-5 dpkg-dev fakeroot g++ g++-5 gcc
gcc-5 gcc-5-base initramfs-tools-bin libalgorithm-diff-perl
libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl libapt-pkg5.0 libasan2
libatomic1 libbind9-140 libc-dev-bin libc6 libc6-dev libcc1-0 libcilkrts5
libdns162 libdpkg-perl libfakeroot libfile-fcntllock-perl libgcc-5-dev
libgomp1 libisc160 libisccc140 libisccfg140 libisl15 libitm1 liblsan0
liblwres141 libmpc3 libmpx0 libquadmath0 libstdc++-5-dev libstdc++6 libtsan0
libubsan0 libudev1 linux-libc-dev logrotate manpages-dev samba-common
Suggested packages:
default-mta | mail-transport-agent powermgmt-base cpp-doc gcc-5-locales
debian-keyring g++-multilib g++-5-multilib gcc-5-doc libstdc++6-5-dbg
gcc-multilib autoconf automake libtool flex bison gdb gcc-doc gcc-5-multilib
libgcc1-dbg libgomp1-dbg libitm1-dbg libatomic1-dbg libasan2-dbg
liblsan0-dbg libtsan0-dbg libubsan0-dbg libcilkrts5-dbg libmpx0-dbg
libquadmath0-dbg glibc-doc libstdc++-5-doc mailx
Recommended packages:
cron | cron-daemon rsyslog | system-log-daemon apt samba-common-bin
The following packages will be REMOVED:
adduser* apache2* apache2-bin* apache2-utils* apt* apt-utils* aptitude*
bind9* bsd-mailx* cron* dbus* dmsetup* fetchmail* ifupdown* initramfs-tools*
initramfs-tools-core* initscripts* libapr1* libaprutil1*
libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3* libaprutil1-ldap* libaudit1* libblkid1*
libcryptsetup4* libfdisk1* libmount1* libpam-modules* libpam-modules-bin*
libpam-runtime* libpam0g* libsemanage1* libuuid1* libxapian22v5* login*
mlocate* mount* mountall* openssh-client* openssh-server*
openssh-sftp-server* passwd* plymouth* postfix* procps* python-samba*
rpcbind* rsyslog* samba* samba-common-bin* samba-libs* sasl2-bin* screen*
ssl-cert* sudo* systemd* systemd-sysv* udev* util-linux* uuid-runtime* wget*
The following NEW packages will be installed:
anacron build-essential cpp cpp-5 dpkg-dev fakeroot g++ g++-5 gcc gcc-5
libalgorithm-diff-perl libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl
libasan2 libatomic1 libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcc1-0 libcilkrts5 libdpkg-perl
libfakeroot libfile-fcntllock-perl libgcc-5-dev libisl15 libitm1 liblsan0
libmpc3 libmpx0 libquadmath0 libstdc++-5-dev libtsan0 libubsan0
linux-libc-dev manpages-dev
The following packages will be upgraded:
bind9-host gcc-5-base initramfs-tools-bin libapt-pkg5.0 libbind9-140 libc6
libdns162 libgomp1 libisc160 libisccc140 libisccfg140 liblwres141 libstdc++6
libudev1 logrotate samba-common
WARNING: The following essential packages will be removed.
This should NOT be done unless you know exactly what you are doing!
apt adduser (due to apt) login libaudit1 (due to login)
libpam0g (due to login) libpam-runtime (due to login)
libpam-modules (due to login) mount libblkid1 (due to mount)
libmount1 (due to mount) util-linux libfdisk1 (due to util-linux)
libuuid1 (due to util-linux)
16 upgraded, 34 newly installed, 60 to remove and 124 not upgraded.
Need to get 41.1 MB of archives.
After this operation, 12.4 MB of additional disk space will be used.
You are about to do something potentially harmful.
To continue type in the phrase 'Yes, do as I say!'
?] Abort.
Also interesting that aptitude why and apt-cache rdepends show such different results.
root@ro01:~# dpkg-query -Wf '${Package;-40}${Priority}n' | sort -b -k2,2 -k1,1 | grep 'libaudit1'
libaudit1 optional
root@ro01:~# aptitude why libaudit1
i sudo Depends libaudit1 (>= 1:2.2.1)
root@ro01:~# dpkg-query -Wf '${Package;-40}${Priority}n' | sort -b -k2,2 -k1,1 | grep 'sudo '
sudo optional
root@ro01:~# aptitude why sudo
i mountall Depends plymouth
p plymouth Recommends plymouth-theme-ubuntu-text | plymouth-theme
p mythbuntu-default-settings Provides plymouth-theme
p mythbuntu-default-settings Recommends lightdm
p lightdm Recommends xserver-xorg
p xserver-xorg Recommends xserver-xorg-video-all | xorg-driver-video
p nvidia-384 Provides xorg-driver-video
p nvidia-384 Depends dkms
p dkms Recommends menu | sudo
apt-cache rdepends shows a lot more...
root@ro01:~# apt-cache rdepends libaudit1
libaudit1
Reverse Depends:
sudo
systemd
openssh-server
libaudit-dev
xwayland-hwe-16.04
xserver-xephyr-hwe-16.04
xmir-hwe-16.04
sudo-ldap
xserver-xorg-core-hwe-16.04
systemd
sudo
libvirt0
dbus-1-dbg
dbus
xwayland-hwe-16.04
xwayland
xvfb
xserver-xephyr-hwe-16.04
xserver-xephyr
xnest
xmir-hwe-16.04
xmir
xdmx
sudo-ldap
python3-audit
python-audit
nscd
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1024
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1022
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1021
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1020
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1019
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1017
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1015
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1012
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1010
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1008
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1004
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1034
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1033
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1032
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1031
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1028
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1027
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1026
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1024
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1022
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1018
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1016
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1014
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1013
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1012
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1010
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1009
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1008
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1006
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1005
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1003
linux-gcp-tools-4.13.0-1013
linux-gcp-tools-4.13.0-1012
linux-gcp-tools-4.13.0-1011
linux-gcp-tools-4.13.0-1008
linux-gcp-tools-4.13.0-1007
linux-gcp-tools-4.13.0-1006
linux-gcp-tools-4.13.0-1002
linux-gcp-tools-4.10.0-1009
linux-gcp-tools-4.10.0-1008
linux-gcp-tools-4.10.0-1007
linux-gcp-tools-4.10.0-1006
linux-gcp-tools-4.10.0-1004
linux-euclid-tools-4.4.0-9026
linux-euclid-tools-4.4.0-9025
linux-euclid-tools-4.4.0-9023
linux-euclid-tools-4.4.0-9022
linux-euclid-tools-4.4.0-9021
linux-euclid-tools-4.4.0-9020
linux-euclid-tools-4.4.0-9019
linux-azure-edge-tools-4.15.0-1005
linux-azure-edge-tools-4.14.0-1003
linux-azure-edge-tools-4.13.0-1005
linux-azure-edge-tools-4.13.0-1003
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1012
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1011
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1009
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1007
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1004
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1003
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1001
gdm3
xserver-xorg-core-hwe-16.04
xserver-xorg-core
util-linux
systemd
sudo
passwd
openssh-server
login
linux-tools-4.4.0-98
linux-tools-4.4.0-97
linux-tools-4.4.0-96
linux-tools-4.4.0-93
linux-tools-4.4.0-92
linux-tools-4.4.0-91
linux-tools-4.4.0-89
linux-tools-4.4.0-87
linux-tools-4.4.0-83
linux-tools-4.4.0-81
linux-tools-4.4.0-79
linux-tools-4.4.0-78
linux-tools-4.4.0-77
linux-tools-4.4.0-75
linux-tools-4.4.0-72
linux-tools-4.4.0-71
linux-tools-4.4.0-70
linux-tools-4.4.0-67
linux-tools-4.4.0-66
linux-tools-4.4.0-64
linux-tools-4.4.0-63
linux-tools-4.4.0-62
linux-tools-4.4.0-59
linux-tools-4.4.0-57
linux-tools-4.4.0-53
linux-tools-4.4.0-51
linux-tools-4.4.0-47
linux-tools-4.4.0-45
linux-tools-4.4.0-43
linux-tools-4.4.0-42
linux-tools-4.4.0-38
linux-tools-4.4.0-36
linux-tools-4.4.0-34
linux-tools-4.4.0-31
linux-tools-4.4.0-28
linux-tools-4.4.0-24
linux-tools-4.4.0-22
linux-tools-4.4.0-122
linux-tools-4.4.0-121
linux-tools-4.4.0-119
linux-tools-4.4.0-116
linux-tools-4.4.0-112
linux-tools-4.4.0-109
linux-tools-4.4.0-108
linux-tools-4.4.0-104
linux-tools-4.4.0-103
linux-tools-4.4.0-101
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1021
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1020
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1019
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1017
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1015
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1013
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1012
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1010
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1009
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1008
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1007
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-58
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-56
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-54
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-53
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-52
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-51
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-49
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-46
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-45
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-44
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-42
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-41
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-39
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-36
linux-hwe-tools-4.13.0-39
linux-hwe-tools-4.13.0-38
linux-hwe-tools-4.13.0-37
linux-hwe-tools-4.13.0-36
linux-hwe-tools-4.13.0-32
linux-hwe-tools-4.13.0-31
linux-hwe-tools-4.13.0-26
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-42
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-40
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-38
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-37
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-35
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-33
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-32
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-30
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-28
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-27
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.8.0-34
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.15.0-15
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.15.0-13
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.13.0-25
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.13.0-21
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.13.0-19
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.13.0-17
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.13.0-16
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.11.0-14
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.11.0-13
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.10.0-26
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.10.0-24
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.10.0-22
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.10.0-21
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.10.0-20
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.10.0-19
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.10.0-14
linux-azure-tools-4.13.0-1014
linux-azure-tools-4.13.0-1012
linux-azure-tools-4.13.0-1011
linux-azure-tools-4.13.0-1009
linux-azure-tools-4.13.0-1007
linux-azure-tools-4.13.0-1006
linux-azure-tools-4.13.0-1005
linux-azure-tools-4.11.0-1016
linux-azure-tools-4.11.0-1015
linux-azure-tools-4.11.0-1014
linux-azure-tools-4.11.0-1013
linux-azure-tools-4.11.0-1011
linux-azure-tools-4.11.0-1009
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1055
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1054
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1052
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1050
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1049
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1048
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1047
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1044
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1043
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1041
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1039
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1038
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1037
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1035
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1032
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1031
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1030
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1028
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1026
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1022
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1020
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1018
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1017
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1016
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1013
libvirt0
libpam0g
libpam-modules-bin
libpam-modules
libauparse0
libauparse0
libauparse0
libaudit-common
libaudit-common
libaudit-common
dbus-1-dbg
dbus
auditd
xwayland
xvfb
xserver-xephyr
xnest
xmir
xdmx
ubuntu-core-libs
sudo-ldap
python3-audit
python-audit
policycoreutils
nscd
gdm3
aide-dynamic
xserver-xorg-core
systemd
sudo
passwd
openssh-server
login
linux-tools-4.4.0-21
libvirt0
libsemanage1
libpam0g
libpam-modules-bin
libpam-modules
libauparse0
libauparse0
libauparse0
libaudit-dev
libaudit-common
dbus
dbus-1-dbg
auditd
root@ro01:~#
Found some more problematic packages...
- libdebconfclient0
- liblz4-1
- libsemanage1
- libsemanage-common
- libsystemd0
- libbsd0
- libexpat1
- libhcrypto4-heimdal
- libheimntlm0-heimdal
- libhx509-5-heimdal
When running apt-get purge for packages one by one, I no longer got the warning about removing important packages and scanning through the list of stuff removed, I saw important stuff like adduser and apt were not longer being removed. However when running apt-get purge for all packages at once...the warning was still there and apt and other things were on the remove list again despite not being there when removing packages individually. No idea.
In the end, I just excluded all libraries and a few other packages in order to avoid removing anything I cared about.
root@ro01:~# apt-get purge $(dpkg-query -Wf
'${Package;-40}${Priority}n' |
awk '$2 ~ /optional|extra/ { print $1 }' |
grep -vE 'lib|gawk|openssh|insserv|quota|sudo')
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
apache2* apache2-bin* apache2-data* apache2-doc* apache2-utils* bind9* bind9utils* binutils* bsd-mailx* busybox-initramfs* ca-certificates* cifs-utils* console-data* db-util* db5.3-util* debconf-utils* dh-python*
dialog* distro-info-data* dmsetup* dselect* ed* expat* fetchmail* finger* fontconfig* fontconfig-config* fonts-dejavu* fonts-dejavu-core* fonts-dejavu-extra* fonts-freefont-ttf* gettext* initramfs-tools*
initramfs-tools-bin* initramfs-tools-core* iputils-arping* iputils-tracepath* ldap-utils* libfontconfig1* linux-base* lsb-release* lynx* lynx-common* make* makedev* memtester* mktemp* module-init-tools* mountall*
mtools* odbcinst* odbcinst1debian2* openssl* openssl-blacklist* plymouth* postfix* procinfo* psmisc* psutils* pwgen* python-crypto* python-dnspython* python-ldb* python-samba* python-talloc* python-tdb* python3*
python3-minimal* python3.5* python3.5-minimal* rsync* samba* samba-common* samba-common-bin* samba-libs* sasl2-bin* sharutils* snmp* ssl-cert* syslinux* tcpdump* tcsh* tdb-tools* tofrodos* ttf-dejavu* ttf-dejavu-core*
ttf-dejavu-extra* ttf-freefont* unixodbc* unzip* update-inetd* uuid-runtime* vim* vim-runtime* wide-dhcpv6-client* xinetd*
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 96 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
After this operation, 195 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
answered Apr 30 '18 at 19:13
mattprmattpr
1512
add a comment |
Update 2019-02-26
In practice on a bunch of ubuntu VPS from different providers...I have found the original approach (below) to be quite brittle. On some systems they won't reboot because the below method will remove the kernel on KVM type virtualization (whereas openvz it mostly works). Instead of just patching the hack below everytime it breaks, I looked for an alternative way.
A seemingly (so far) better approach is the following:
# just in case we are retrying and apt is in a bad state
dpkg --configure -a
# DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive is useful for scripting.
# prevents getting prompts that will hang our script.
# ubuntu-minimal is a meta package that depends on the packages
# in ubuntu-minimal install.
# Need aptitude to autoremove everything we don't depend on.
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
apt-get --assume-yes install aptitude ubuntu-minimal
# mark all packages as automatically installed except
# ubuntu-minimal, kernel, systemd and openssh.
# For some reason systemd isn't part of ubuntu-minimal.
# Any dependencies of these four packages will be kept.
# All others that aren't dependencies will be removed since
# we have told apt they are automatically installed
# (ie we don't care about them unless we need them as a dep)
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
aptitude --assume-yes markauto
'~i!?name(ubuntu-minimal~|linux-generic~|systemd~|openssh-server)'
# purge all removed packages that were not purged.
# removes leftover config/cruft.
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
aptitude --assume-yes purge '~c'
So far this works quite well in my testing on both openvz and kvm type virtualization. I use this as a first "bootstrapping" step to minimize the image before running my configuration management to setup the VPS the way I want it. I usually do a reboot after this step and before config management just to make sure we didn't break anything.
I am not doing apt clean or autoclean because my configuration management will be installing packages and so I would have to run apt-get update again anyway. If you are trying to build a minimal image in terms of disk space, then of course there is more you can do.
One more tip in case you lose DNS resolution after minimization... on Ubuntu 16.04, installing ubuntu-minimal installed resolvconf which wasn't installed before for some reason. This package (post-install) will make sure /etc/resolv.conf is setup to be dynamically built and that includes converting it into a symlink. If your VPS has static networking configuration (ie interfaces/IPs statically configured in /etc/network/interfaces and DNS statically configured in /etc/resolv.conf) then this will break your dns resolution. ie you will be able to ping 8.8.8.8 but not google.com (unknown host). I have a couple vps providers that provision the VPS this way instead of providing IP/DNS over dhcp. To work around this, I added a check before the above minimization like so:
if [ ! -L "/etc/resolv.conf" ]; then
mkdir -p /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/
cp /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/tail
fi
Basically: If the current /etc/resolv.conf is not a symlink, then assume we have a static configuration from our VPS provider. Copy the file to a special "tail" file for resolvconf. The "tail" file is a special file that resolvconf will append to the /etc/resolv.conf that it builds. This ensures you don't lose the static DNS configuration that was built into your VPS.
Original Answer
Following on @enzotib's answer...
Strange that required/important/essential packages would have optional/extra dependencies. Would think that if those are hard dependencies (as opposed to recommends or suggests) that those dependencies would also be set to the highest priority of the packages that depend on them.
On Ubuntu 16.04 I had a lot of important packages (apt, sudo, passwd, adduser) come up in the remove list when trying @enzotib's approach. As a dirty hack purged the list of optional/extra packages one by one with a script to see which optional/extra package purges were triggering removing required or important packages.
For example: in my case, purging optional package libaudit1 would wipe out a lot of important stuff.
root@ro01:~# apt-get purge libaudit1
Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree...
Reading state information...
The following additional packages will be installed:
anacron bind9-host build-essential cpp cpp-5 dpkg-dev fakeroot g++ g++-5 gcc
gcc-5 gcc-5-base initramfs-tools-bin libalgorithm-diff-perl
libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl libapt-pkg5.0 libasan2
libatomic1 libbind9-140 libc-dev-bin libc6 libc6-dev libcc1-0 libcilkrts5
libdns162 libdpkg-perl libfakeroot libfile-fcntllock-perl libgcc-5-dev
libgomp1 libisc160 libisccc140 libisccfg140 libisl15 libitm1 liblsan0
liblwres141 libmpc3 libmpx0 libquadmath0 libstdc++-5-dev libstdc++6 libtsan0
libubsan0 libudev1 linux-libc-dev logrotate manpages-dev samba-common
Suggested packages:
default-mta | mail-transport-agent powermgmt-base cpp-doc gcc-5-locales
debian-keyring g++-multilib g++-5-multilib gcc-5-doc libstdc++6-5-dbg
gcc-multilib autoconf automake libtool flex bison gdb gcc-doc gcc-5-multilib
libgcc1-dbg libgomp1-dbg libitm1-dbg libatomic1-dbg libasan2-dbg
liblsan0-dbg libtsan0-dbg libubsan0-dbg libcilkrts5-dbg libmpx0-dbg
libquadmath0-dbg glibc-doc libstdc++-5-doc mailx
Recommended packages:
cron | cron-daemon rsyslog | system-log-daemon apt samba-common-bin
The following packages will be REMOVED:
adduser* apache2* apache2-bin* apache2-utils* apt* apt-utils* aptitude*
bind9* bsd-mailx* cron* dbus* dmsetup* fetchmail* ifupdown* initramfs-tools*
initramfs-tools-core* initscripts* libapr1* libaprutil1*
libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3* libaprutil1-ldap* libaudit1* libblkid1*
libcryptsetup4* libfdisk1* libmount1* libpam-modules* libpam-modules-bin*
libpam-runtime* libpam0g* libsemanage1* libuuid1* libxapian22v5* login*
mlocate* mount* mountall* openssh-client* openssh-server*
openssh-sftp-server* passwd* plymouth* postfix* procps* python-samba*
rpcbind* rsyslog* samba* samba-common-bin* samba-libs* sasl2-bin* screen*
ssl-cert* sudo* systemd* systemd-sysv* udev* util-linux* uuid-runtime* wget*
The following NEW packages will be installed:
anacron build-essential cpp cpp-5 dpkg-dev fakeroot g++ g++-5 gcc gcc-5
libalgorithm-diff-perl libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl
libasan2 libatomic1 libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcc1-0 libcilkrts5 libdpkg-perl
libfakeroot libfile-fcntllock-perl libgcc-5-dev libisl15 libitm1 liblsan0
libmpc3 libmpx0 libquadmath0 libstdc++-5-dev libtsan0 libubsan0
linux-libc-dev manpages-dev
The following packages will be upgraded:
bind9-host gcc-5-base initramfs-tools-bin libapt-pkg5.0 libbind9-140 libc6
libdns162 libgomp1 libisc160 libisccc140 libisccfg140 liblwres141 libstdc++6
libudev1 logrotate samba-common
WARNING: The following essential packages will be removed.
This should NOT be done unless you know exactly what you are doing!
apt adduser (due to apt) login libaudit1 (due to login)
libpam0g (due to login) libpam-runtime (due to login)
libpam-modules (due to login) mount libblkid1 (due to mount)
libmount1 (due to mount) util-linux libfdisk1 (due to util-linux)
libuuid1 (due to util-linux)
16 upgraded, 34 newly installed, 60 to remove and 124 not upgraded.
Need to get 41.1 MB of archives.
After this operation, 12.4 MB of additional disk space will be used.
You are about to do something potentially harmful.
To continue type in the phrase 'Yes, do as I say!'
?] Abort.
Also interesting that aptitude why and apt-cache rdepends show such different results.
root@ro01:~# dpkg-query -Wf '${Package;-40}${Priority}n' | sort -b -k2,2 -k1,1 | grep 'libaudit1'
libaudit1 optional
root@ro01:~# aptitude why libaudit1
i sudo Depends libaudit1 (>= 1:2.2.1)
root@ro01:~# dpkg-query -Wf '${Package;-40}${Priority}n' | sort -b -k2,2 -k1,1 | grep 'sudo '
sudo optional
root@ro01:~# aptitude why sudo
i mountall Depends plymouth
p plymouth Recommends plymouth-theme-ubuntu-text | plymouth-theme
p mythbuntu-default-settings Provides plymouth-theme
p mythbuntu-default-settings Recommends lightdm
p lightdm Recommends xserver-xorg
p xserver-xorg Recommends xserver-xorg-video-all | xorg-driver-video
p nvidia-384 Provides xorg-driver-video
p nvidia-384 Depends dkms
p dkms Recommends menu | sudo
apt-cache rdepends shows a lot more...
root@ro01:~# apt-cache rdepends libaudit1
libaudit1
Reverse Depends:
sudo
systemd
openssh-server
libaudit-dev
xwayland-hwe-16.04
xserver-xephyr-hwe-16.04
xmir-hwe-16.04
sudo-ldap
xserver-xorg-core-hwe-16.04
systemd
sudo
libvirt0
dbus-1-dbg
dbus
xwayland-hwe-16.04
xwayland
xvfb
xserver-xephyr-hwe-16.04
xserver-xephyr
xnest
xmir-hwe-16.04
xmir
xdmx
sudo-ldap
python3-audit
python-audit
nscd
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1024
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1022
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1021
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1020
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1019
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1017
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1015
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1012
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1010
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1008
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1004
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1034
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1033
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1032
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1031
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1028
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1027
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1026
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1024
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1022
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1018
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1016
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1014
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1013
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1012
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1010
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1009
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1008
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1006
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1005
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1003
linux-gcp-tools-4.13.0-1013
linux-gcp-tools-4.13.0-1012
linux-gcp-tools-4.13.0-1011
linux-gcp-tools-4.13.0-1008
linux-gcp-tools-4.13.0-1007
linux-gcp-tools-4.13.0-1006
linux-gcp-tools-4.13.0-1002
linux-gcp-tools-4.10.0-1009
linux-gcp-tools-4.10.0-1008
linux-gcp-tools-4.10.0-1007
linux-gcp-tools-4.10.0-1006
linux-gcp-tools-4.10.0-1004
linux-euclid-tools-4.4.0-9026
linux-euclid-tools-4.4.0-9025
linux-euclid-tools-4.4.0-9023
linux-euclid-tools-4.4.0-9022
linux-euclid-tools-4.4.0-9021
linux-euclid-tools-4.4.0-9020
linux-euclid-tools-4.4.0-9019
linux-azure-edge-tools-4.15.0-1005
linux-azure-edge-tools-4.14.0-1003
linux-azure-edge-tools-4.13.0-1005
linux-azure-edge-tools-4.13.0-1003
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1012
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1011
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1009
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1007
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1004
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1003
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1001
gdm3
xserver-xorg-core-hwe-16.04
xserver-xorg-core
util-linux
systemd
sudo
passwd
openssh-server
login
linux-tools-4.4.0-98
linux-tools-4.4.0-97
linux-tools-4.4.0-96
linux-tools-4.4.0-93
linux-tools-4.4.0-92
linux-tools-4.4.0-91
linux-tools-4.4.0-89
linux-tools-4.4.0-87
linux-tools-4.4.0-83
linux-tools-4.4.0-81
linux-tools-4.4.0-79
linux-tools-4.4.0-78
linux-tools-4.4.0-77
linux-tools-4.4.0-75
linux-tools-4.4.0-72
linux-tools-4.4.0-71
linux-tools-4.4.0-70
linux-tools-4.4.0-67
linux-tools-4.4.0-66
linux-tools-4.4.0-64
linux-tools-4.4.0-63
linux-tools-4.4.0-62
linux-tools-4.4.0-59
linux-tools-4.4.0-57
linux-tools-4.4.0-53
linux-tools-4.4.0-51
linux-tools-4.4.0-47
linux-tools-4.4.0-45
linux-tools-4.4.0-43
linux-tools-4.4.0-42
linux-tools-4.4.0-38
linux-tools-4.4.0-36
linux-tools-4.4.0-34
linux-tools-4.4.0-31
linux-tools-4.4.0-28
linux-tools-4.4.0-24
linux-tools-4.4.0-22
linux-tools-4.4.0-122
linux-tools-4.4.0-121
linux-tools-4.4.0-119
linux-tools-4.4.0-116
linux-tools-4.4.0-112
linux-tools-4.4.0-109
linux-tools-4.4.0-108
linux-tools-4.4.0-104
linux-tools-4.4.0-103
linux-tools-4.4.0-101
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1021
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1020
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1019
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1017
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1015
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1013
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1012
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1010
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1009
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1008
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1007
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-58
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-56
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-54
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-53
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-52
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-51
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-49
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-46
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-45
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-44
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-42
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-41
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-39
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-36
linux-hwe-tools-4.13.0-39
linux-hwe-tools-4.13.0-38
linux-hwe-tools-4.13.0-37
linux-hwe-tools-4.13.0-36
linux-hwe-tools-4.13.0-32
linux-hwe-tools-4.13.0-31
linux-hwe-tools-4.13.0-26
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-42
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-40
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-38
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-37
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-35
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-33
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-32
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-30
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-28
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-27
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.8.0-34
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.15.0-15
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.15.0-13
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.13.0-25
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.13.0-21
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.13.0-19
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.13.0-17
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.13.0-16
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.11.0-14
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.11.0-13
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.10.0-26
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.10.0-24
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.10.0-22
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.10.0-21
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.10.0-20
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.10.0-19
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.10.0-14
linux-azure-tools-4.13.0-1014
linux-azure-tools-4.13.0-1012
linux-azure-tools-4.13.0-1011
linux-azure-tools-4.13.0-1009
linux-azure-tools-4.13.0-1007
linux-azure-tools-4.13.0-1006
linux-azure-tools-4.13.0-1005
linux-azure-tools-4.11.0-1016
linux-azure-tools-4.11.0-1015
linux-azure-tools-4.11.0-1014
linux-azure-tools-4.11.0-1013
linux-azure-tools-4.11.0-1011
linux-azure-tools-4.11.0-1009
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1055
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1054
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1052
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1050
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1049
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1048
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1047
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1044
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1043
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1041
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1039
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1038
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1037
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1035
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1032
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1031
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1030
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1028
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1026
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1022
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1020
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1018
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1017
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1016
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1013
libvirt0
libpam0g
libpam-modules-bin
libpam-modules
libauparse0
libauparse0
libauparse0
libaudit-common
libaudit-common
libaudit-common
dbus-1-dbg
dbus
auditd
xwayland
xvfb
xserver-xephyr
xnest
xmir
xdmx
ubuntu-core-libs
sudo-ldap
python3-audit
python-audit
policycoreutils
nscd
gdm3
aide-dynamic
xserver-xorg-core
systemd
sudo
passwd
openssh-server
login
linux-tools-4.4.0-21
libvirt0
libsemanage1
libpam0g
libpam-modules-bin
libpam-modules
libauparse0
libauparse0
libauparse0
libaudit-dev
libaudit-common
dbus
dbus-1-dbg
auditd
root@ro01:~#
Found some more problematic packages...
- libdebconfclient0
- liblz4-1
- libsemanage1
- libsemanage-common
- libsystemd0
- libbsd0
- libexpat1
- libhcrypto4-heimdal
- libheimntlm0-heimdal
- libhx509-5-heimdal
When running apt-get purge for packages one by one, I no longer got the warning about removing important packages and scanning through the list of stuff removed, I saw important stuff like adduser and apt were not longer being removed. However when running apt-get purge for all packages at once...the warning was still there and apt and other things were on the remove list again despite not being there when removing packages individually. No idea.
In the end, I just excluded all libraries and a few other packages in order to avoid removing anything I cared about.
root@ro01:~# apt-get purge $(dpkg-query -Wf
'${Package;-40}${Priority}n' |
awk '$2 ~ /optional|extra/ { print $1 }' |
grep -vE 'lib|gawk|openssh|insserv|quota|sudo')
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
apache2* apache2-bin* apache2-data* apache2-doc* apache2-utils* bind9* bind9utils* binutils* bsd-mailx* busybox-initramfs* ca-certificates* cifs-utils* console-data* db-util* db5.3-util* debconf-utils* dh-python*
dialog* distro-info-data* dmsetup* dselect* ed* expat* fetchmail* finger* fontconfig* fontconfig-config* fonts-dejavu* fonts-dejavu-core* fonts-dejavu-extra* fonts-freefont-ttf* gettext* initramfs-tools*
initramfs-tools-bin* initramfs-tools-core* iputils-arping* iputils-tracepath* ldap-utils* libfontconfig1* linux-base* lsb-release* lynx* lynx-common* make* makedev* memtester* mktemp* module-init-tools* mountall*
mtools* odbcinst* odbcinst1debian2* openssl* openssl-blacklist* plymouth* postfix* procinfo* psmisc* psutils* pwgen* python-crypto* python-dnspython* python-ldb* python-samba* python-talloc* python-tdb* python3*
python3-minimal* python3.5* python3.5-minimal* rsync* samba* samba-common* samba-common-bin* samba-libs* sasl2-bin* sharutils* snmp* ssl-cert* syslinux* tcpdump* tcsh* tdb-tools* tofrodos* ttf-dejavu* ttf-dejavu-core*
ttf-dejavu-extra* ttf-freefont* unixodbc* unzip* update-inetd* uuid-runtime* vim* vim-runtime* wide-dhcpv6-client* xinetd*
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 96 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
After this operation, 195 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
answered Apr 30 '18 at 19:13
mattprmattpr
1512
add a comment |
Update 2019-02-26
In practice on a bunch of ubuntu VPS from different providers...I have found the original approach (below) to be quite brittle. On some systems they won't reboot because the below method will remove the kernel on KVM type virtualization (whereas openvz it mostly works). Instead of just patching the hack below everytime it breaks, I looked for an alternative way.
A seemingly (so far) better approach is the following:
# just in case we are retrying and apt is in a bad state
dpkg --configure -a
# DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive is useful for scripting.
# prevents getting prompts that will hang our script.
# ubuntu-minimal is a meta package that depends on the packages
# in ubuntu-minimal install.
# Need aptitude to autoremove everything we don't depend on.
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
apt-get --assume-yes install aptitude ubuntu-minimal
# mark all packages as automatically installed except
# ubuntu-minimal, kernel, systemd and openssh.
# For some reason systemd isn't part of ubuntu-minimal.
# Any dependencies of these four packages will be kept.
# All others that aren't dependencies will be removed since
# we have told apt they are automatically installed
# (ie we don't care about them unless we need them as a dep)
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
aptitude --assume-yes markauto
'~i!?name(ubuntu-minimal~|linux-generic~|systemd~|openssh-server)'
# purge all removed packages that were not purged.
# removes leftover config/cruft.
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
aptitude --assume-yes purge '~c'
So far this works quite well in my testing on both openvz and kvm type virtualization. I use this as a first "bootstrapping" step to minimize the image before running my configuration management to setup the VPS the way I want it. I usually do a reboot after this step and before config management just to make sure we didn't break anything.
I am not doing apt clean or autoclean because my configuration management will be installing packages and so I would have to run apt-get update again anyway. If you are trying to build a minimal image in terms of disk space, then of course there is more you can do.
One more tip in case you lose DNS resolution after minimization... on Ubuntu 16.04, installing ubuntu-minimal installed resolvconf which wasn't installed before for some reason. This package (post-install) will make sure /etc/resolv.conf is setup to be dynamically built and that includes converting it into a symlink. If your VPS has static networking configuration (ie interfaces/IPs statically configured in /etc/network/interfaces and DNS statically configured in /etc/resolv.conf) then this will break your dns resolution. ie you will be able to ping 8.8.8.8 but not google.com (unknown host). I have a couple vps providers that provision the VPS this way instead of providing IP/DNS over dhcp. To work around this, I added a check before the above minimization like so:
if [ ! -L "/etc/resolv.conf" ]; then
mkdir -p /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/
cp /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/tail
fi
Basically: If the current /etc/resolv.conf is not a symlink, then assume we have a static configuration from our VPS provider. Copy the file to a special "tail" file for resolvconf. The "tail" file is a special file that resolvconf will append to the /etc/resolv.conf that it builds. This ensures you don't lose the static DNS configuration that was built into your VPS.
Original Answer
Following on @enzotib's answer...
Strange that required/important/essential packages would have optional/extra dependencies. Would think that if those are hard dependencies (as opposed to recommends or suggests) that those dependencies would also be set to the highest priority of the packages that depend on them.
On Ubuntu 16.04 I had a lot of important packages (apt, sudo, passwd, adduser) come up in the remove list when trying @enzotib's approach. As a dirty hack purged the list of optional/extra packages one by one with a script to see which optional/extra package purges were triggering removing required or important packages.
For example: in my case, purging optional package libaudit1 would wipe out a lot of important stuff.
root@ro01:~# apt-get purge libaudit1
Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree...
Reading state information...
The following additional packages will be installed:
anacron bind9-host build-essential cpp cpp-5 dpkg-dev fakeroot g++ g++-5 gcc
gcc-5 gcc-5-base initramfs-tools-bin libalgorithm-diff-perl
libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl libapt-pkg5.0 libasan2
libatomic1 libbind9-140 libc-dev-bin libc6 libc6-dev libcc1-0 libcilkrts5
libdns162 libdpkg-perl libfakeroot libfile-fcntllock-perl libgcc-5-dev
libgomp1 libisc160 libisccc140 libisccfg140 libisl15 libitm1 liblsan0
liblwres141 libmpc3 libmpx0 libquadmath0 libstdc++-5-dev libstdc++6 libtsan0
libubsan0 libudev1 linux-libc-dev logrotate manpages-dev samba-common
Suggested packages:
default-mta | mail-transport-agent powermgmt-base cpp-doc gcc-5-locales
debian-keyring g++-multilib g++-5-multilib gcc-5-doc libstdc++6-5-dbg
gcc-multilib autoconf automake libtool flex bison gdb gcc-doc gcc-5-multilib
libgcc1-dbg libgomp1-dbg libitm1-dbg libatomic1-dbg libasan2-dbg
liblsan0-dbg libtsan0-dbg libubsan0-dbg libcilkrts5-dbg libmpx0-dbg
libquadmath0-dbg glibc-doc libstdc++-5-doc mailx
Recommended packages:
cron | cron-daemon rsyslog | system-log-daemon apt samba-common-bin
The following packages will be REMOVED:
adduser* apache2* apache2-bin* apache2-utils* apt* apt-utils* aptitude*
bind9* bsd-mailx* cron* dbus* dmsetup* fetchmail* ifupdown* initramfs-tools*
initramfs-tools-core* initscripts* libapr1* libaprutil1*
libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3* libaprutil1-ldap* libaudit1* libblkid1*
libcryptsetup4* libfdisk1* libmount1* libpam-modules* libpam-modules-bin*
libpam-runtime* libpam0g* libsemanage1* libuuid1* libxapian22v5* login*
mlocate* mount* mountall* openssh-client* openssh-server*
openssh-sftp-server* passwd* plymouth* postfix* procps* python-samba*
rpcbind* rsyslog* samba* samba-common-bin* samba-libs* sasl2-bin* screen*
ssl-cert* sudo* systemd* systemd-sysv* udev* util-linux* uuid-runtime* wget*
The following NEW packages will be installed:
anacron build-essential cpp cpp-5 dpkg-dev fakeroot g++ g++-5 gcc gcc-5
libalgorithm-diff-perl libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl
libasan2 libatomic1 libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcc1-0 libcilkrts5 libdpkg-perl
libfakeroot libfile-fcntllock-perl libgcc-5-dev libisl15 libitm1 liblsan0
libmpc3 libmpx0 libquadmath0 libstdc++-5-dev libtsan0 libubsan0
linux-libc-dev manpages-dev
The following packages will be upgraded:
bind9-host gcc-5-base initramfs-tools-bin libapt-pkg5.0 libbind9-140 libc6
libdns162 libgomp1 libisc160 libisccc140 libisccfg140 liblwres141 libstdc++6
libudev1 logrotate samba-common
WARNING: The following essential packages will be removed.
This should NOT be done unless you know exactly what you are doing!
apt adduser (due to apt) login libaudit1 (due to login)
libpam0g (due to login) libpam-runtime (due to login)
libpam-modules (due to login) mount libblkid1 (due to mount)
libmount1 (due to mount) util-linux libfdisk1 (due to util-linux)
libuuid1 (due to util-linux)
16 upgraded, 34 newly installed, 60 to remove and 124 not upgraded.
Need to get 41.1 MB of archives.
After this operation, 12.4 MB of additional disk space will be used.
You are about to do something potentially harmful.
To continue type in the phrase 'Yes, do as I say!'
?] Abort.
Also interesting that aptitude why and apt-cache rdepends show such different results.
root@ro01:~# dpkg-query -Wf '${Package;-40}${Priority}n' | sort -b -k2,2 -k1,1 | grep 'libaudit1'
libaudit1 optional
root@ro01:~# aptitude why libaudit1
i sudo Depends libaudit1 (>= 1:2.2.1)
root@ro01:~# dpkg-query -Wf '${Package;-40}${Priority}n' | sort -b -k2,2 -k1,1 | grep 'sudo '
sudo optional
root@ro01:~# aptitude why sudo
i mountall Depends plymouth
p plymouth Recommends plymouth-theme-ubuntu-text | plymouth-theme
p mythbuntu-default-settings Provides plymouth-theme
p mythbuntu-default-settings Recommends lightdm
p lightdm Recommends xserver-xorg
p xserver-xorg Recommends xserver-xorg-video-all | xorg-driver-video
p nvidia-384 Provides xorg-driver-video
p nvidia-384 Depends dkms
p dkms Recommends menu | sudo
apt-cache rdepends shows a lot more...
root@ro01:~# apt-cache rdepends libaudit1
libaudit1
Reverse Depends:
sudo
systemd
openssh-server
libaudit-dev
xwayland-hwe-16.04
xserver-xephyr-hwe-16.04
xmir-hwe-16.04
sudo-ldap
xserver-xorg-core-hwe-16.04
systemd
sudo
libvirt0
dbus-1-dbg
dbus
xwayland-hwe-16.04
xwayland
xvfb
xserver-xephyr-hwe-16.04
xserver-xephyr
xnest
xmir-hwe-16.04
xmir
xdmx
sudo-ldap
python3-audit
python-audit
nscd
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1024
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1022
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1021
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1020
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1019
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1017
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1015
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1012
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1010
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1008
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1004
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1034
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1033
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1032
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1031
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1028
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1027
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1026
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1024
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1022
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1018
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1016
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1014
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1013
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1012
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1010
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1009
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1008
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1006
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1005
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1003
linux-gcp-tools-4.13.0-1013
linux-gcp-tools-4.13.0-1012
linux-gcp-tools-4.13.0-1011
linux-gcp-tools-4.13.0-1008
linux-gcp-tools-4.13.0-1007
linux-gcp-tools-4.13.0-1006
linux-gcp-tools-4.13.0-1002
linux-gcp-tools-4.10.0-1009
linux-gcp-tools-4.10.0-1008
linux-gcp-tools-4.10.0-1007
linux-gcp-tools-4.10.0-1006
linux-gcp-tools-4.10.0-1004
linux-euclid-tools-4.4.0-9026
linux-euclid-tools-4.4.0-9025
linux-euclid-tools-4.4.0-9023
linux-euclid-tools-4.4.0-9022
linux-euclid-tools-4.4.0-9021
linux-euclid-tools-4.4.0-9020
linux-euclid-tools-4.4.0-9019
linux-azure-edge-tools-4.15.0-1005
linux-azure-edge-tools-4.14.0-1003
linux-azure-edge-tools-4.13.0-1005
linux-azure-edge-tools-4.13.0-1003
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1012
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1011
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1009
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1007
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1004
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1003
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1001
gdm3
xserver-xorg-core-hwe-16.04
xserver-xorg-core
util-linux
systemd
sudo
passwd
openssh-server
login
linux-tools-4.4.0-98
linux-tools-4.4.0-97
linux-tools-4.4.0-96
linux-tools-4.4.0-93
linux-tools-4.4.0-92
linux-tools-4.4.0-91
linux-tools-4.4.0-89
linux-tools-4.4.0-87
linux-tools-4.4.0-83
linux-tools-4.4.0-81
linux-tools-4.4.0-79
linux-tools-4.4.0-78
linux-tools-4.4.0-77
linux-tools-4.4.0-75
linux-tools-4.4.0-72
linux-tools-4.4.0-71
linux-tools-4.4.0-70
linux-tools-4.4.0-67
linux-tools-4.4.0-66
linux-tools-4.4.0-64
linux-tools-4.4.0-63
linux-tools-4.4.0-62
linux-tools-4.4.0-59
linux-tools-4.4.0-57
linux-tools-4.4.0-53
linux-tools-4.4.0-51
linux-tools-4.4.0-47
linux-tools-4.4.0-45
linux-tools-4.4.0-43
linux-tools-4.4.0-42
linux-tools-4.4.0-38
linux-tools-4.4.0-36
linux-tools-4.4.0-34
linux-tools-4.4.0-31
linux-tools-4.4.0-28
linux-tools-4.4.0-24
linux-tools-4.4.0-22
linux-tools-4.4.0-122
linux-tools-4.4.0-121
linux-tools-4.4.0-119
linux-tools-4.4.0-116
linux-tools-4.4.0-112
linux-tools-4.4.0-109
linux-tools-4.4.0-108
linux-tools-4.4.0-104
linux-tools-4.4.0-103
linux-tools-4.4.0-101
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1021
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1020
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1019
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1017
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1015
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1013
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1012
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1010
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1009
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1008
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1007
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-58
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-56
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-54
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-53
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-52
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-51
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-49
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-46
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-45
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-44
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-42
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-41
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-39
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-36
linux-hwe-tools-4.13.0-39
linux-hwe-tools-4.13.0-38
linux-hwe-tools-4.13.0-37
linux-hwe-tools-4.13.0-36
linux-hwe-tools-4.13.0-32
linux-hwe-tools-4.13.0-31
linux-hwe-tools-4.13.0-26
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-42
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-40
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-38
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-37
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-35
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-33
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-32
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-30
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-28
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-27
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.8.0-34
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.15.0-15
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.15.0-13
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.13.0-25
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.13.0-21
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.13.0-19
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.13.0-17
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.13.0-16
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.11.0-14
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.11.0-13
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.10.0-26
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.10.0-24
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.10.0-22
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.10.0-21
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.10.0-20
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.10.0-19
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.10.0-14
linux-azure-tools-4.13.0-1014
linux-azure-tools-4.13.0-1012
linux-azure-tools-4.13.0-1011
linux-azure-tools-4.13.0-1009
linux-azure-tools-4.13.0-1007
linux-azure-tools-4.13.0-1006
linux-azure-tools-4.13.0-1005
linux-azure-tools-4.11.0-1016
linux-azure-tools-4.11.0-1015
linux-azure-tools-4.11.0-1014
linux-azure-tools-4.11.0-1013
linux-azure-tools-4.11.0-1011
linux-azure-tools-4.11.0-1009
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1055
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1054
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1052
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1050
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1049
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1048
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1047
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1044
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1043
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1041
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1039
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1038
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1037
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1035
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1032
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1031
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1030
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1028
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1026
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1022
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1020
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1018
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1017
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1016
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1013
libvirt0
libpam0g
libpam-modules-bin
libpam-modules
libauparse0
libauparse0
libauparse0
libaudit-common
libaudit-common
libaudit-common
dbus-1-dbg
dbus
auditd
xwayland
xvfb
xserver-xephyr
xnest
xmir
xdmx
ubuntu-core-libs
sudo-ldap
python3-audit
python-audit
policycoreutils
nscd
gdm3
aide-dynamic
xserver-xorg-core
systemd
sudo
passwd
openssh-server
login
linux-tools-4.4.0-21
libvirt0
libsemanage1
libpam0g
libpam-modules-bin
libpam-modules
libauparse0
libauparse0
libauparse0
libaudit-dev
libaudit-common
dbus
dbus-1-dbg
auditd
root@ro01:~#
Found some more problematic packages...
- libdebconfclient0
- liblz4-1
- libsemanage1
- libsemanage-common
- libsystemd0
- libbsd0
- libexpat1
- libhcrypto4-heimdal
- libheimntlm0-heimdal
- libhx509-5-heimdal
When running apt-get purge for packages one by one, I no longer got the warning about removing important packages and scanning through the list of stuff removed, I saw important stuff like adduser and apt were not longer being removed. However when running apt-get purge for all packages at once...the warning was still there and apt and other things were on the remove list again despite not being there when removing packages individually. No idea.
In the end, I just excluded all libraries and a few other packages in order to avoid removing anything I cared about.
root@ro01:~# apt-get purge $(dpkg-query -Wf
'${Package;-40}${Priority}n' |
awk '$2 ~ /optional|extra/ { print $1 }' |
grep -vE 'lib|gawk|openssh|insserv|quota|sudo')
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
apache2* apache2-bin* apache2-data* apache2-doc* apache2-utils* bind9* bind9utils* binutils* bsd-mailx* busybox-initramfs* ca-certificates* cifs-utils* console-data* db-util* db5.3-util* debconf-utils* dh-python*
dialog* distro-info-data* dmsetup* dselect* ed* expat* fetchmail* finger* fontconfig* fontconfig-config* fonts-dejavu* fonts-dejavu-core* fonts-dejavu-extra* fonts-freefont-ttf* gettext* initramfs-tools*
initramfs-tools-bin* initramfs-tools-core* iputils-arping* iputils-tracepath* ldap-utils* libfontconfig1* linux-base* lsb-release* lynx* lynx-common* make* makedev* memtester* mktemp* module-init-tools* mountall*
mtools* odbcinst* odbcinst1debian2* openssl* openssl-blacklist* plymouth* postfix* procinfo* psmisc* psutils* pwgen* python-crypto* python-dnspython* python-ldb* python-samba* python-talloc* python-tdb* python3*
python3-minimal* python3.5* python3.5-minimal* rsync* samba* samba-common* samba-common-bin* samba-libs* sasl2-bin* sharutils* snmp* ssl-cert* syslinux* tcpdump* tcsh* tdb-tools* tofrodos* ttf-dejavu* ttf-dejavu-core*
ttf-dejavu-extra* ttf-freefont* unixodbc* unzip* update-inetd* uuid-runtime* vim* vim-runtime* wide-dhcpv6-client* xinetd*
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 96 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
After this operation, 195 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
answered Apr 30 '18 at 19:13
mattprmattpr
1512
Update 2019-02-26
In practice on a bunch of ubuntu VPS from different providers...I have found the original approach (below) to be quite brittle. On some systems they won't reboot because the below method will remove the kernel on KVM type virtualization (whereas openvz it mostly works). Instead of just patching the hack below everytime it breaks, I looked for an alternative way.
A seemingly (so far) better approach is the following:
# just in case we are retrying and apt is in a bad state
dpkg --configure -a
# DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive is useful for scripting.
# prevents getting prompts that will hang our script.
# ubuntu-minimal is a meta package that depends on the packages
# in ubuntu-minimal install.
# Need aptitude to autoremove everything we don't depend on.
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
apt-get --assume-yes install aptitude ubuntu-minimal
# mark all packages as automatically installed except
# ubuntu-minimal, kernel, systemd and openssh.
# For some reason systemd isn't part of ubuntu-minimal.
# Any dependencies of these four packages will be kept.
# All others that aren't dependencies will be removed since
# we have told apt they are automatically installed
# (ie we don't care about them unless we need them as a dep)
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
aptitude --assume-yes markauto
'~i!?name(ubuntu-minimal~|linux-generic~|systemd~|openssh-server)'
# purge all removed packages that were not purged.
# removes leftover config/cruft.
DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive
aptitude --assume-yes purge '~c'
So far this works quite well in my testing on both openvz and kvm type virtualization. I use this as a first "bootstrapping" step to minimize the image before running my configuration management to setup the VPS the way I want it. I usually do a reboot after this step and before config management just to make sure we didn't break anything.
I am not doing apt clean or autoclean because my configuration management will be installing packages and so I would have to run apt-get update again anyway. If you are trying to build a minimal image in terms of disk space, then of course there is more you can do.
One more tip in case you lose DNS resolution after minimization... on Ubuntu 16.04, installing ubuntu-minimal installed resolvconf which wasn't installed before for some reason. This package (post-install) will make sure /etc/resolv.conf is setup to be dynamically built and that includes converting it into a symlink. If your VPS has static networking configuration (ie interfaces/IPs statically configured in /etc/network/interfaces and DNS statically configured in /etc/resolv.conf) then this will break your dns resolution. ie you will be able to ping 8.8.8.8 but not google.com (unknown host). I have a couple vps providers that provision the VPS this way instead of providing IP/DNS over dhcp. To work around this, I added a check before the above minimization like so:
if [ ! -L "/etc/resolv.conf" ]; then
mkdir -p /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/
cp /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/tail
fi
Basically: If the current /etc/resolv.conf is not a symlink, then assume we have a static configuration from our VPS provider. Copy the file to a special "tail" file for resolvconf. The "tail" file is a special file that resolvconf will append to the /etc/resolv.conf that it builds. This ensures you don't lose the static DNS configuration that was built into your VPS.
Original Answer
Following on @enzotib's answer...
Strange that required/important/essential packages would have optional/extra dependencies. Would think that if those are hard dependencies (as opposed to recommends or suggests) that those dependencies would also be set to the highest priority of the packages that depend on them.
On Ubuntu 16.04 I had a lot of important packages (apt, sudo, passwd, adduser) come up in the remove list when trying @enzotib's approach. As a dirty hack purged the list of optional/extra packages one by one with a script to see which optional/extra package purges were triggering removing required or important packages.
For example: in my case, purging optional package libaudit1 would wipe out a lot of important stuff.
root@ro01:~# apt-get purge libaudit1
Reading package lists...
Building dependency tree...
Reading state information...
The following additional packages will be installed:
anacron bind9-host build-essential cpp cpp-5 dpkg-dev fakeroot g++ g++-5 gcc
gcc-5 gcc-5-base initramfs-tools-bin libalgorithm-diff-perl
libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl libapt-pkg5.0 libasan2
libatomic1 libbind9-140 libc-dev-bin libc6 libc6-dev libcc1-0 libcilkrts5
libdns162 libdpkg-perl libfakeroot libfile-fcntllock-perl libgcc-5-dev
libgomp1 libisc160 libisccc140 libisccfg140 libisl15 libitm1 liblsan0
liblwres141 libmpc3 libmpx0 libquadmath0 libstdc++-5-dev libstdc++6 libtsan0
libubsan0 libudev1 linux-libc-dev logrotate manpages-dev samba-common
Suggested packages:
default-mta | mail-transport-agent powermgmt-base cpp-doc gcc-5-locales
debian-keyring g++-multilib g++-5-multilib gcc-5-doc libstdc++6-5-dbg
gcc-multilib autoconf automake libtool flex bison gdb gcc-doc gcc-5-multilib
libgcc1-dbg libgomp1-dbg libitm1-dbg libatomic1-dbg libasan2-dbg
liblsan0-dbg libtsan0-dbg libubsan0-dbg libcilkrts5-dbg libmpx0-dbg
libquadmath0-dbg glibc-doc libstdc++-5-doc mailx
Recommended packages:
cron | cron-daemon rsyslog | system-log-daemon apt samba-common-bin
The following packages will be REMOVED:
adduser* apache2* apache2-bin* apache2-utils* apt* apt-utils* aptitude*
bind9* bsd-mailx* cron* dbus* dmsetup* fetchmail* ifupdown* initramfs-tools*
initramfs-tools-core* initscripts* libapr1* libaprutil1*
libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3* libaprutil1-ldap* libaudit1* libblkid1*
libcryptsetup4* libfdisk1* libmount1* libpam-modules* libpam-modules-bin*
libpam-runtime* libpam0g* libsemanage1* libuuid1* libxapian22v5* login*
mlocate* mount* mountall* openssh-client* openssh-server*
openssh-sftp-server* passwd* plymouth* postfix* procps* python-samba*
rpcbind* rsyslog* samba* samba-common-bin* samba-libs* sasl2-bin* screen*
ssl-cert* sudo* systemd* systemd-sysv* udev* util-linux* uuid-runtime* wget*
The following NEW packages will be installed:
anacron build-essential cpp cpp-5 dpkg-dev fakeroot g++ g++-5 gcc gcc-5
libalgorithm-diff-perl libalgorithm-diff-xs-perl libalgorithm-merge-perl
libasan2 libatomic1 libc-dev-bin libc6-dev libcc1-0 libcilkrts5 libdpkg-perl
libfakeroot libfile-fcntllock-perl libgcc-5-dev libisl15 libitm1 liblsan0
libmpc3 libmpx0 libquadmath0 libstdc++-5-dev libtsan0 libubsan0
linux-libc-dev manpages-dev
The following packages will be upgraded:
bind9-host gcc-5-base initramfs-tools-bin libapt-pkg5.0 libbind9-140 libc6
libdns162 libgomp1 libisc160 libisccc140 libisccfg140 liblwres141 libstdc++6
libudev1 logrotate samba-common
WARNING: The following essential packages will be removed.
This should NOT be done unless you know exactly what you are doing!
apt adduser (due to apt) login libaudit1 (due to login)
libpam0g (due to login) libpam-runtime (due to login)
libpam-modules (due to login) mount libblkid1 (due to mount)
libmount1 (due to mount) util-linux libfdisk1 (due to util-linux)
libuuid1 (due to util-linux)
16 upgraded, 34 newly installed, 60 to remove and 124 not upgraded.
Need to get 41.1 MB of archives.
After this operation, 12.4 MB of additional disk space will be used.
You are about to do something potentially harmful.
To continue type in the phrase 'Yes, do as I say!'
?] Abort.
Also interesting that aptitude why and apt-cache rdepends show such different results.
root@ro01:~# dpkg-query -Wf '${Package;-40}${Priority}n' | sort -b -k2,2 -k1,1 | grep 'libaudit1'
libaudit1 optional
root@ro01:~# aptitude why libaudit1
i sudo Depends libaudit1 (>= 1:2.2.1)
root@ro01:~# dpkg-query -Wf '${Package;-40}${Priority}n' | sort -b -k2,2 -k1,1 | grep 'sudo '
sudo optional
root@ro01:~# aptitude why sudo
i mountall Depends plymouth
p plymouth Recommends plymouth-theme-ubuntu-text | plymouth-theme
p mythbuntu-default-settings Provides plymouth-theme
p mythbuntu-default-settings Recommends lightdm
p lightdm Recommends xserver-xorg
p xserver-xorg Recommends xserver-xorg-video-all | xorg-driver-video
p nvidia-384 Provides xorg-driver-video
p nvidia-384 Depends dkms
p dkms Recommends menu | sudo
apt-cache rdepends shows a lot more...
root@ro01:~# apt-cache rdepends libaudit1
libaudit1
Reverse Depends:
sudo
systemd
openssh-server
libaudit-dev
xwayland-hwe-16.04
xserver-xephyr-hwe-16.04
xmir-hwe-16.04
sudo-ldap
xserver-xorg-core-hwe-16.04
systemd
sudo
libvirt0
dbus-1-dbg
dbus
xwayland-hwe-16.04
xwayland
xvfb
xserver-xephyr-hwe-16.04
xserver-xephyr
xnest
xmir-hwe-16.04
xmir
xdmx
sudo-ldap
python3-audit
python-audit
nscd
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1024
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1022
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1021
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1020
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1019
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1017
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1015
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1012
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1010
linux-oem-tools-4.13.0-1008
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1004
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1034
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1033
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1032
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1031
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1028
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1027
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1026
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1024
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1022
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1018
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1016
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1014
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1013
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1012
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1010
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1009
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1008
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1006
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1005
linux-gke-tools-4.4.0-1003
linux-gcp-tools-4.13.0-1013
linux-gcp-tools-4.13.0-1012
linux-gcp-tools-4.13.0-1011
linux-gcp-tools-4.13.0-1008
linux-gcp-tools-4.13.0-1007
linux-gcp-tools-4.13.0-1006
linux-gcp-tools-4.13.0-1002
linux-gcp-tools-4.10.0-1009
linux-gcp-tools-4.10.0-1008
linux-gcp-tools-4.10.0-1007
linux-gcp-tools-4.10.0-1006
linux-gcp-tools-4.10.0-1004
linux-euclid-tools-4.4.0-9026
linux-euclid-tools-4.4.0-9025
linux-euclid-tools-4.4.0-9023
linux-euclid-tools-4.4.0-9022
linux-euclid-tools-4.4.0-9021
linux-euclid-tools-4.4.0-9020
linux-euclid-tools-4.4.0-9019
linux-azure-edge-tools-4.15.0-1005
linux-azure-edge-tools-4.14.0-1003
linux-azure-edge-tools-4.13.0-1005
linux-azure-edge-tools-4.13.0-1003
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1012
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1011
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1009
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1007
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1004
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1003
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1001
gdm3
xserver-xorg-core-hwe-16.04
xserver-xorg-core
util-linux
systemd
sudo
passwd
openssh-server
login
linux-tools-4.4.0-98
linux-tools-4.4.0-97
linux-tools-4.4.0-96
linux-tools-4.4.0-93
linux-tools-4.4.0-92
linux-tools-4.4.0-91
linux-tools-4.4.0-89
linux-tools-4.4.0-87
linux-tools-4.4.0-83
linux-tools-4.4.0-81
linux-tools-4.4.0-79
linux-tools-4.4.0-78
linux-tools-4.4.0-77
linux-tools-4.4.0-75
linux-tools-4.4.0-72
linux-tools-4.4.0-71
linux-tools-4.4.0-70
linux-tools-4.4.0-67
linux-tools-4.4.0-66
linux-tools-4.4.0-64
linux-tools-4.4.0-63
linux-tools-4.4.0-62
linux-tools-4.4.0-59
linux-tools-4.4.0-57
linux-tools-4.4.0-53
linux-tools-4.4.0-51
linux-tools-4.4.0-47
linux-tools-4.4.0-45
linux-tools-4.4.0-43
linux-tools-4.4.0-42
linux-tools-4.4.0-38
linux-tools-4.4.0-36
linux-tools-4.4.0-34
linux-tools-4.4.0-31
linux-tools-4.4.0-28
linux-tools-4.4.0-24
linux-tools-4.4.0-22
linux-tools-4.4.0-122
linux-tools-4.4.0-121
linux-tools-4.4.0-119
linux-tools-4.4.0-116
linux-tools-4.4.0-112
linux-tools-4.4.0-109
linux-tools-4.4.0-108
linux-tools-4.4.0-104
linux-tools-4.4.0-103
linux-tools-4.4.0-101
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1021
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1020
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1019
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1017
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1015
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1013
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1012
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1010
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1009
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1008
linux-kvm-tools-4.4.0-1007
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-58
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-56
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-54
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-53
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-52
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-51
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-49
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-46
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-45
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-44
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-42
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-41
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-39
linux-hwe-tools-4.8.0-36
linux-hwe-tools-4.13.0-39
linux-hwe-tools-4.13.0-38
linux-hwe-tools-4.13.0-37
linux-hwe-tools-4.13.0-36
linux-hwe-tools-4.13.0-32
linux-hwe-tools-4.13.0-31
linux-hwe-tools-4.13.0-26
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-42
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-40
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-38
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-37
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-35
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-33
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-32
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-30
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-28
linux-hwe-tools-4.10.0-27
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.8.0-34
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.15.0-15
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.15.0-13
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.13.0-25
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.13.0-21
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.13.0-19
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.13.0-17
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.13.0-16
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.11.0-14
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.11.0-13
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.10.0-26
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.10.0-24
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.10.0-22
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.10.0-21
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.10.0-20
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.10.0-19
linux-hwe-edge-tools-4.10.0-14
linux-azure-tools-4.13.0-1014
linux-azure-tools-4.13.0-1012
linux-azure-tools-4.13.0-1011
linux-azure-tools-4.13.0-1009
linux-azure-tools-4.13.0-1007
linux-azure-tools-4.13.0-1006
linux-azure-tools-4.13.0-1005
linux-azure-tools-4.11.0-1016
linux-azure-tools-4.11.0-1015
linux-azure-tools-4.11.0-1014
linux-azure-tools-4.11.0-1013
linux-azure-tools-4.11.0-1011
linux-azure-tools-4.11.0-1009
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1055
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1054
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1052
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1050
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1049
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1048
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1047
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1044
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1043
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1041
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1039
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1038
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1037
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1035
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1032
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1031
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1030
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1028
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1026
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1022
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1020
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1018
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1017
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1016
linux-aws-tools-4.4.0-1013
libvirt0
libpam0g
libpam-modules-bin
libpam-modules
libauparse0
libauparse0
libauparse0
libaudit-common
libaudit-common
libaudit-common
dbus-1-dbg
dbus
auditd
xwayland
xvfb
xserver-xephyr
xnest
xmir
xdmx
ubuntu-core-libs
sudo-ldap
python3-audit
python-audit
policycoreutils
nscd
gdm3
aide-dynamic
xserver-xorg-core
systemd
sudo
passwd
openssh-server
login
linux-tools-4.4.0-21
libvirt0
libsemanage1
libpam0g
libpam-modules-bin
libpam-modules
libauparse0
libauparse0
libauparse0
libaudit-dev
libaudit-common
dbus
dbus-1-dbg
auditd
root@ro01:~#
Found some more problematic packages...
- libdebconfclient0
- liblz4-1
- libsemanage1
- libsemanage-common
- libsystemd0
- libbsd0
- libexpat1
- libhcrypto4-heimdal
- libheimntlm0-heimdal
- libhx509-5-heimdal
When running apt-get purge for packages one by one, I no longer got the warning about removing important packages and scanning through the list of stuff removed, I saw important stuff like adduser and apt were not longer being removed. However when running apt-get purge for all packages at once...the warning was still there and apt and other things were on the remove list again despite not being there when removing packages individually. No idea.
In the end, I just excluded all libraries and a few other packages in order to avoid removing anything I cared about.
root@ro01:~# apt-get purge $(dpkg-query -Wf
'${Package;-40}${Priority}n' |
awk '$2 ~ /optional|extra/ { print $1 }' |
grep -vE 'lib|gawk|openssh|insserv|quota|sudo')
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
apache2* apache2-bin* apache2-data* apache2-doc* apache2-utils* bind9* bind9utils* binutils* bsd-mailx* busybox-initramfs* ca-certificates* cifs-utils* console-data* db-util* db5.3-util* debconf-utils* dh-python*
dialog* distro-info-data* dmsetup* dselect* ed* expat* fetchmail* finger* fontconfig* fontconfig-config* fonts-dejavu* fonts-dejavu-core* fonts-dejavu-extra* fonts-freefont-ttf* gettext* initramfs-tools*
initramfs-tools-bin* initramfs-tools-core* iputils-arping* iputils-tracepath* ldap-utils* libfontconfig1* linux-base* lsb-release* lynx* lynx-common* make* makedev* memtester* mktemp* module-init-tools* mountall*
mtools* odbcinst* odbcinst1debian2* openssl* openssl-blacklist* plymouth* postfix* procinfo* psmisc* psutils* pwgen* python-crypto* python-dnspython* python-ldb* python-samba* python-talloc* python-tdb* python3*
python3-minimal* python3.5* python3.5-minimal* rsync* samba* samba-common* samba-common-bin* samba-libs* sasl2-bin* sharutils* snmp* ssl-cert* syslinux* tcpdump* tcsh* tdb-tools* tofrodos* ttf-dejavu* ttf-dejavu-core*
ttf-dejavu-extra* ttf-freefont* unixodbc* unzip* update-inetd* uuid-runtime* vim* vim-runtime* wide-dhcpv6-client* xinetd*
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 96 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
After this operation, 195 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
answered Apr 30 '18 at 19:13
mattprmattpr
1512
edited Feb 26 at 11:05
answered Apr 30 '18 at 19:13
mattprmattpr
1512
answered Apr 30 '18 at 19:13
mattprmattpr
1512
answered Apr 30 '18 at 19:13
mattprmattpr
1512
1512
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