Find locus of points by finding eigenvalues
up vote
4
down vote
favorite
Let $boldsymbol{x}=left(begin{matrix}x\ yend{matrix}right)$ be a vector in two-dimensional real space. By finding the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of $boldsymbol{M}$, sketch the locus of points $boldsymbol{x}$ that satisfy $$ boldsymbol{x^TMx}=4$$
given that
$$boldsymbol{M}=left(begin{matrix}&5 &sqrt{3}\ &sqrt{3} &3end{matrix}right). $$
I found two eigenvalues to be $lambda_1 = 6$ and $lambda_2=2$, and the corresponding eigenvectors are
$$ boldsymbol{v}_1=left(begin{matrix}sqrt{3}\ 1end{matrix}right)quadtext{ and }quad boldsymbol{v}_2=left(begin{matrix}1\ -sqrt{3}end{matrix}right)$$
(if I'm not mistaken :) ), but... what now? Frankly, I can't figure out how to make this helpful to find $boldsymbol{x^TMx}=4$.
Any hints?
linear-algebra vector-spaces eigenvalues-eigenvectors
add a comment |
up vote
4
down vote
favorite
Let $boldsymbol{x}=left(begin{matrix}x\ yend{matrix}right)$ be a vector in two-dimensional real space. By finding the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of $boldsymbol{M}$, sketch the locus of points $boldsymbol{x}$ that satisfy $$ boldsymbol{x^TMx}=4$$
given that
$$boldsymbol{M}=left(begin{matrix}&5 &sqrt{3}\ &sqrt{3} &3end{matrix}right). $$
I found two eigenvalues to be $lambda_1 = 6$ and $lambda_2=2$, and the corresponding eigenvectors are
$$ boldsymbol{v}_1=left(begin{matrix}sqrt{3}\ 1end{matrix}right)quadtext{ and }quad boldsymbol{v}_2=left(begin{matrix}1\ -sqrt{3}end{matrix}right)$$
(if I'm not mistaken :) ), but... what now? Frankly, I can't figure out how to make this helpful to find $boldsymbol{x^TMx}=4$.
Any hints?
linear-algebra vector-spaces eigenvalues-eigenvectors
The eigenvalues are $5pmsqrt3$, not $6,2$ because $6+2ne5+5$
– Shubham Johri
1 hour ago
@ShubhamJohri see the edited question. I wrongly typed one entry of $M$.
– VanDerWarden
1 hour ago
Yes, now the eigenvalues and eigenvectors are fine
– Shubham Johri
1 hour ago
add a comment |
up vote
4
down vote
favorite
up vote
4
down vote
favorite
Let $boldsymbol{x}=left(begin{matrix}x\ yend{matrix}right)$ be a vector in two-dimensional real space. By finding the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of $boldsymbol{M}$, sketch the locus of points $boldsymbol{x}$ that satisfy $$ boldsymbol{x^TMx}=4$$
given that
$$boldsymbol{M}=left(begin{matrix}&5 &sqrt{3}\ &sqrt{3} &3end{matrix}right). $$
I found two eigenvalues to be $lambda_1 = 6$ and $lambda_2=2$, and the corresponding eigenvectors are
$$ boldsymbol{v}_1=left(begin{matrix}sqrt{3}\ 1end{matrix}right)quadtext{ and }quad boldsymbol{v}_2=left(begin{matrix}1\ -sqrt{3}end{matrix}right)$$
(if I'm not mistaken :) ), but... what now? Frankly, I can't figure out how to make this helpful to find $boldsymbol{x^TMx}=4$.
Any hints?
linear-algebra vector-spaces eigenvalues-eigenvectors
Let $boldsymbol{x}=left(begin{matrix}x\ yend{matrix}right)$ be a vector in two-dimensional real space. By finding the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of $boldsymbol{M}$, sketch the locus of points $boldsymbol{x}$ that satisfy $$ boldsymbol{x^TMx}=4$$
given that
$$boldsymbol{M}=left(begin{matrix}&5 &sqrt{3}\ &sqrt{3} &3end{matrix}right). $$
I found two eigenvalues to be $lambda_1 = 6$ and $lambda_2=2$, and the corresponding eigenvectors are
$$ boldsymbol{v}_1=left(begin{matrix}sqrt{3}\ 1end{matrix}right)quadtext{ and }quad boldsymbol{v}_2=left(begin{matrix}1\ -sqrt{3}end{matrix}right)$$
(if I'm not mistaken :) ), but... what now? Frankly, I can't figure out how to make this helpful to find $boldsymbol{x^TMx}=4$.
Any hints?
linear-algebra vector-spaces eigenvalues-eigenvectors
linear-algebra vector-spaces eigenvalues-eigenvectors
edited 38 secs ago
bubba
29.6k32985
29.6k32985
asked 1 hour ago
VanDerWarden
577629
577629
The eigenvalues are $5pmsqrt3$, not $6,2$ because $6+2ne5+5$
– Shubham Johri
1 hour ago
@ShubhamJohri see the edited question. I wrongly typed one entry of $M$.
– VanDerWarden
1 hour ago
Yes, now the eigenvalues and eigenvectors are fine
– Shubham Johri
1 hour ago
add a comment |
The eigenvalues are $5pmsqrt3$, not $6,2$ because $6+2ne5+5$
– Shubham Johri
1 hour ago
@ShubhamJohri see the edited question. I wrongly typed one entry of $M$.
– VanDerWarden
1 hour ago
Yes, now the eigenvalues and eigenvectors are fine
– Shubham Johri
1 hour ago
The eigenvalues are $5pmsqrt3$, not $6,2$ because $6+2ne5+5$
– Shubham Johri
1 hour ago
The eigenvalues are $5pmsqrt3$, not $6,2$ because $6+2ne5+5$
– Shubham Johri
1 hour ago
@ShubhamJohri see the edited question. I wrongly typed one entry of $M$.
– VanDerWarden
1 hour ago
@ShubhamJohri see the edited question. I wrongly typed one entry of $M$.
– VanDerWarden
1 hour ago
Yes, now the eigenvalues and eigenvectors are fine
– Shubham Johri
1 hour ago
Yes, now the eigenvalues and eigenvectors are fine
– Shubham Johri
1 hour ago
add a comment |
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
up vote
3
down vote
accepted
The eigenvectors are orthogonal and span $Bbb R^2$. This means $mathbf v=begin{bmatrix}x\yend{bmatrix}=c_1mathbf x_1+c_2mathbf x_2$.
$mathbf v^TMmathbf v=(c_1mathbf x_1^T+c_2mathbf x_2^T)M(c_1mathbf x_1+c_2mathbf x_2)\=(c_1mathbf x_1^T+c_2mathbf x_2^T)(c_1lambda_1mathbf x_1+c_2lambda_2mathbf x_2)\=c_1^2lambda_1||mathbf x_1||^2+c_2^2lambda_2||mathbf x_2||^2\=24c_1^2+8c_2^2=4$
$implies6c_1^2+2c_2^2=1$
add a comment |
up vote
5
down vote
Some hints (as you requested):
What we're studying is a second degree equation in $x$ and $y$, so it's a conic section curve (ellipse, hyperbola, or parabola).
After we find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors, we can use them to diagonalize the matrix $mathbf{M}$.
The diagonalization process is really just a change of coordinate system, say from $(x,y)$ coordinates to $(u,v)$ coordinates
In $(u,v)$ coordinates, since we're now dealing with a diagonal matrix, the given equation takes the form $au^2 + bv^2 = 1$. This is a conic section curve whose geometry you probably understand.
Not op but I got $3u^2+2v^2=8$. So do I just plot this elipse with axis being the two eigenvectors? And how long shoud $1$ unit be? Say for axis1 with $v_1$, should $1$ unit be normal 1 unit, normal 6 units (eigenvalue) or 1 unit should be $2$ normal units (length of $v1$). I think the last one is correct
– Anvit
1 hour ago
@Anvit: Yes, the eigenvectors define the directions of the axes of symmetry of the conic. If $mathbf v$ is an eigenvector, then so is $kmathbf v$, for any $k ne 0$, so the eigenvectors can't tell you anything about scale.
– bubba
1 hour ago
@bubba -- there's little or no mileage in appealing to downvoters to explain or justify their objections. It's best not to betray that you heed them atall.
– AmbretteOrrisey
57 mins ago
add a comment |
Your Answer
StackExchange.ifUsing("editor", function () {
return StackExchange.using("mathjaxEditing", function () {
StackExchange.MarkdownEditor.creationCallbacks.add(function (editor, postfix) {
StackExchange.mathjaxEditing.prepareWmdForMathJax(editor, postfix, [["$", "$"], ["\\(","\\)"]]);
});
});
}, "mathjax-editing");
StackExchange.ready(function() {
var channelOptions = {
tags: "".split(" "),
id: "69"
};
initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);
StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function() {
// Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled) {
StackExchange.using("snippets", function() {
createEditor();
});
}
else {
createEditor();
}
});
function createEditor() {
StackExchange.prepareEditor({
heartbeatType: 'answer',
convertImagesToLinks: true,
noModals: true,
showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
reputationToPostImages: 10,
bindNavPrevention: true,
postfix: "",
imageUploader: {
brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
allowUrls: true
},
noCode: true, onDemand: true,
discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
});
}
});
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
StackExchange.ready(
function () {
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fmath.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f3043790%2ffind-locus-of-points-by-finding-eigenvalues%23new-answer', 'question_page');
}
);
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
up vote
3
down vote
accepted
The eigenvectors are orthogonal and span $Bbb R^2$. This means $mathbf v=begin{bmatrix}x\yend{bmatrix}=c_1mathbf x_1+c_2mathbf x_2$.
$mathbf v^TMmathbf v=(c_1mathbf x_1^T+c_2mathbf x_2^T)M(c_1mathbf x_1+c_2mathbf x_2)\=(c_1mathbf x_1^T+c_2mathbf x_2^T)(c_1lambda_1mathbf x_1+c_2lambda_2mathbf x_2)\=c_1^2lambda_1||mathbf x_1||^2+c_2^2lambda_2||mathbf x_2||^2\=24c_1^2+8c_2^2=4$
$implies6c_1^2+2c_2^2=1$
add a comment |
up vote
3
down vote
accepted
The eigenvectors are orthogonal and span $Bbb R^2$. This means $mathbf v=begin{bmatrix}x\yend{bmatrix}=c_1mathbf x_1+c_2mathbf x_2$.
$mathbf v^TMmathbf v=(c_1mathbf x_1^T+c_2mathbf x_2^T)M(c_1mathbf x_1+c_2mathbf x_2)\=(c_1mathbf x_1^T+c_2mathbf x_2^T)(c_1lambda_1mathbf x_1+c_2lambda_2mathbf x_2)\=c_1^2lambda_1||mathbf x_1||^2+c_2^2lambda_2||mathbf x_2||^2\=24c_1^2+8c_2^2=4$
$implies6c_1^2+2c_2^2=1$
add a comment |
up vote
3
down vote
accepted
up vote
3
down vote
accepted
The eigenvectors are orthogonal and span $Bbb R^2$. This means $mathbf v=begin{bmatrix}x\yend{bmatrix}=c_1mathbf x_1+c_2mathbf x_2$.
$mathbf v^TMmathbf v=(c_1mathbf x_1^T+c_2mathbf x_2^T)M(c_1mathbf x_1+c_2mathbf x_2)\=(c_1mathbf x_1^T+c_2mathbf x_2^T)(c_1lambda_1mathbf x_1+c_2lambda_2mathbf x_2)\=c_1^2lambda_1||mathbf x_1||^2+c_2^2lambda_2||mathbf x_2||^2\=24c_1^2+8c_2^2=4$
$implies6c_1^2+2c_2^2=1$
The eigenvectors are orthogonal and span $Bbb R^2$. This means $mathbf v=begin{bmatrix}x\yend{bmatrix}=c_1mathbf x_1+c_2mathbf x_2$.
$mathbf v^TMmathbf v=(c_1mathbf x_1^T+c_2mathbf x_2^T)M(c_1mathbf x_1+c_2mathbf x_2)\=(c_1mathbf x_1^T+c_2mathbf x_2^T)(c_1lambda_1mathbf x_1+c_2lambda_2mathbf x_2)\=c_1^2lambda_1||mathbf x_1||^2+c_2^2lambda_2||mathbf x_2||^2\=24c_1^2+8c_2^2=4$
$implies6c_1^2+2c_2^2=1$
edited 1 hour ago
answered 1 hour ago
Shubham Johri
2,648413
2,648413
add a comment |
add a comment |
up vote
5
down vote
Some hints (as you requested):
What we're studying is a second degree equation in $x$ and $y$, so it's a conic section curve (ellipse, hyperbola, or parabola).
After we find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors, we can use them to diagonalize the matrix $mathbf{M}$.
The diagonalization process is really just a change of coordinate system, say from $(x,y)$ coordinates to $(u,v)$ coordinates
In $(u,v)$ coordinates, since we're now dealing with a diagonal matrix, the given equation takes the form $au^2 + bv^2 = 1$. This is a conic section curve whose geometry you probably understand.
Not op but I got $3u^2+2v^2=8$. So do I just plot this elipse with axis being the two eigenvectors? And how long shoud $1$ unit be? Say for axis1 with $v_1$, should $1$ unit be normal 1 unit, normal 6 units (eigenvalue) or 1 unit should be $2$ normal units (length of $v1$). I think the last one is correct
– Anvit
1 hour ago
@Anvit: Yes, the eigenvectors define the directions of the axes of symmetry of the conic. If $mathbf v$ is an eigenvector, then so is $kmathbf v$, for any $k ne 0$, so the eigenvectors can't tell you anything about scale.
– bubba
1 hour ago
@bubba -- there's little or no mileage in appealing to downvoters to explain or justify their objections. It's best not to betray that you heed them atall.
– AmbretteOrrisey
57 mins ago
add a comment |
up vote
5
down vote
Some hints (as you requested):
What we're studying is a second degree equation in $x$ and $y$, so it's a conic section curve (ellipse, hyperbola, or parabola).
After we find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors, we can use them to diagonalize the matrix $mathbf{M}$.
The diagonalization process is really just a change of coordinate system, say from $(x,y)$ coordinates to $(u,v)$ coordinates
In $(u,v)$ coordinates, since we're now dealing with a diagonal matrix, the given equation takes the form $au^2 + bv^2 = 1$. This is a conic section curve whose geometry you probably understand.
Not op but I got $3u^2+2v^2=8$. So do I just plot this elipse with axis being the two eigenvectors? And how long shoud $1$ unit be? Say for axis1 with $v_1$, should $1$ unit be normal 1 unit, normal 6 units (eigenvalue) or 1 unit should be $2$ normal units (length of $v1$). I think the last one is correct
– Anvit
1 hour ago
@Anvit: Yes, the eigenvectors define the directions of the axes of symmetry of the conic. If $mathbf v$ is an eigenvector, then so is $kmathbf v$, for any $k ne 0$, so the eigenvectors can't tell you anything about scale.
– bubba
1 hour ago
@bubba -- there's little or no mileage in appealing to downvoters to explain or justify their objections. It's best not to betray that you heed them atall.
– AmbretteOrrisey
57 mins ago
add a comment |
up vote
5
down vote
up vote
5
down vote
Some hints (as you requested):
What we're studying is a second degree equation in $x$ and $y$, so it's a conic section curve (ellipse, hyperbola, or parabola).
After we find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors, we can use them to diagonalize the matrix $mathbf{M}$.
The diagonalization process is really just a change of coordinate system, say from $(x,y)$ coordinates to $(u,v)$ coordinates
In $(u,v)$ coordinates, since we're now dealing with a diagonal matrix, the given equation takes the form $au^2 + bv^2 = 1$. This is a conic section curve whose geometry you probably understand.
Some hints (as you requested):
What we're studying is a second degree equation in $x$ and $y$, so it's a conic section curve (ellipse, hyperbola, or parabola).
After we find the eigenvalues and eigenvectors, we can use them to diagonalize the matrix $mathbf{M}$.
The diagonalization process is really just a change of coordinate system, say from $(x,y)$ coordinates to $(u,v)$ coordinates
In $(u,v)$ coordinates, since we're now dealing with a diagonal matrix, the given equation takes the form $au^2 + bv^2 = 1$. This is a conic section curve whose geometry you probably understand.
edited 1 min ago
answered 1 hour ago
bubba
29.6k32985
29.6k32985
Not op but I got $3u^2+2v^2=8$. So do I just plot this elipse with axis being the two eigenvectors? And how long shoud $1$ unit be? Say for axis1 with $v_1$, should $1$ unit be normal 1 unit, normal 6 units (eigenvalue) or 1 unit should be $2$ normal units (length of $v1$). I think the last one is correct
– Anvit
1 hour ago
@Anvit: Yes, the eigenvectors define the directions of the axes of symmetry of the conic. If $mathbf v$ is an eigenvector, then so is $kmathbf v$, for any $k ne 0$, so the eigenvectors can't tell you anything about scale.
– bubba
1 hour ago
@bubba -- there's little or no mileage in appealing to downvoters to explain or justify their objections. It's best not to betray that you heed them atall.
– AmbretteOrrisey
57 mins ago
add a comment |
Not op but I got $3u^2+2v^2=8$. So do I just plot this elipse with axis being the two eigenvectors? And how long shoud $1$ unit be? Say for axis1 with $v_1$, should $1$ unit be normal 1 unit, normal 6 units (eigenvalue) or 1 unit should be $2$ normal units (length of $v1$). I think the last one is correct
– Anvit
1 hour ago
@Anvit: Yes, the eigenvectors define the directions of the axes of symmetry of the conic. If $mathbf v$ is an eigenvector, then so is $kmathbf v$, for any $k ne 0$, so the eigenvectors can't tell you anything about scale.
– bubba
1 hour ago
@bubba -- there's little or no mileage in appealing to downvoters to explain or justify their objections. It's best not to betray that you heed them atall.
– AmbretteOrrisey
57 mins ago
Not op but I got $3u^2+2v^2=8$. So do I just plot this elipse with axis being the two eigenvectors? And how long shoud $1$ unit be? Say for axis1 with $v_1$, should $1$ unit be normal 1 unit, normal 6 units (eigenvalue) or 1 unit should be $2$ normal units (length of $v1$). I think the last one is correct
– Anvit
1 hour ago
Not op but I got $3u^2+2v^2=8$. So do I just plot this elipse with axis being the two eigenvectors? And how long shoud $1$ unit be? Say for axis1 with $v_1$, should $1$ unit be normal 1 unit, normal 6 units (eigenvalue) or 1 unit should be $2$ normal units (length of $v1$). I think the last one is correct
– Anvit
1 hour ago
@Anvit: Yes, the eigenvectors define the directions of the axes of symmetry of the conic. If $mathbf v$ is an eigenvector, then so is $kmathbf v$, for any $k ne 0$, so the eigenvectors can't tell you anything about scale.
– bubba
1 hour ago
@Anvit: Yes, the eigenvectors define the directions of the axes of symmetry of the conic. If $mathbf v$ is an eigenvector, then so is $kmathbf v$, for any $k ne 0$, so the eigenvectors can't tell you anything about scale.
– bubba
1 hour ago
@bubba -- there's little or no mileage in appealing to downvoters to explain or justify their objections. It's best not to betray that you heed them atall.
– AmbretteOrrisey
57 mins ago
@bubba -- there's little or no mileage in appealing to downvoters to explain or justify their objections. It's best not to betray that you heed them atall.
– AmbretteOrrisey
57 mins ago
add a comment |
Thanks for contributing an answer to Mathematics Stack Exchange!
- Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!
But avoid …
- Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.
- Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.
Use MathJax to format equations. MathJax reference.
To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.
Some of your past answers have not been well-received, and you're in danger of being blocked from answering.
Please pay close attention to the following guidance:
- Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!
But avoid …
- Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.
- Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.
To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
StackExchange.ready(
function () {
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fmath.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f3043790%2ffind-locus-of-points-by-finding-eigenvalues%23new-answer', 'question_page');
}
);
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
The eigenvalues are $5pmsqrt3$, not $6,2$ because $6+2ne5+5$
– Shubham Johri
1 hour ago
@ShubhamJohri see the edited question. I wrongly typed one entry of $M$.
– VanDerWarden
1 hour ago
Yes, now the eigenvalues and eigenvectors are fine
– Shubham Johri
1 hour ago